Physiological and biochemical study of D-amino acid-containing peptide, fulicin and fulyal originated from molluscs

(1)降解酶fulicin和fulyalAn endopeptidase-like活动观察当fulicin和fulyal孵化与膜分数subesophageal神经节的准备Achatina fulica。二价金属离子的存在和特异性抑制剂的抑制表明，这种活性归因于一种内肽酶24.1.1样酶。(2)的表达achatin-I、fulicin fulyal和ACEP-I (Achatina cardioexcitatory peptide-I)表达式achatin-I前体的互补,fulicin, fulyal ACEP-I检查的中央神经节和artria Achatina fulica。在食管下神经节中检测到Achatin-I cDNA，而在动脉中未检测到。在食管下神经节和心房均观察到富利克林、富利al和acep - 1的前体cdna。在脑神经节中也发现了acep - 1 cDNA。原位杂交实验发现，足神经节神经元中有achatin- 1转录本表达，顶节神经元中有fulicin和fulyal转录本表达，脑神经节和足神经节神经元中有acep - 1转录本表达。由此可见，在足神经节神经元中合成了achatin- 1；另一方面，fulicin、fulyal和acep - 1均由中枢神经节和心房产生，可能是到达激素样肽。(3)黄芩苷（fulicin）和黄芩苷（fulyal）在黄芩生殖器官中的作用。黄芩苷一直被认为是黄芩苷控制雄性黄芩的交配行为。蜗牛阴道和输卵管被富利林样免疫反应性神经纤维密集支配。通过质谱分析，阴道中确实存在氟霉素。富利辛对阴道和输卵管的收缩有明显的兴奋作用。这些结果表明，黄芩苷作为一种调节雌性蜗牛生殖器官的兴奋性神经肽，控制着雌性蜗牛的产卵行为。

(1) Degradation enzyme of fulicin and fulyalAn endopeptidase-like activity was observed when fulicin and fulyal were incubated with the membrane fraction prepared from the subesophageal ganglia of Achatina fulica. The presence of bivalent metal ion and inhibition by specific inhibitors revealed that this activity was attributed to an endopeptidase 24.1.1-like enzyme.(2) Expressions of achatin-I, fulicin, fulyal and ACEP-I (Achatina cardioexcitatory peptide-I)Expressions of precursor cDNAs of achatin-I, fulicin, fulyal and ACEP-I were examined in the central ganglia and the artria of Achatina fulica. Achatin-I cDNA was detected in the subesophageal ganglia, but not in the artria. Precursor cDNAs of fulicin, fulyal, and ACEP-I were observed from both the subesophageal ganglia and the atria. ACEP-I cDNA was also found in the cerebral ganglia. In situ hybridization experiments revealed that achatin-I transcripts were expressed in neurons of pedal ganglia, fulicin and fulyal transcripts were found in those of parietal ganglia, ACEP-I transcripts were detected in those of cerebral and pedal ganglia. From these results, achatin-I was synthesized in neurons of pedal ganglia ; on the other hand fulicin, fulyal, and ACEP-I were produced from both the central ganglia and the atria, and might be artrial hormone-like peptides.(3) Roles of fulicin and fulyal on the reproductive organs of Achatina fulicaFulicin has been thought to control male copulatory behavior in Achatina fulica. The vagina and the oviduct of the snail were densely innervated by fulicin-like immunoreactive neuronal fibers. Fulicin was actually present in the vagina by mass spectrometry analysis. Fulicin showed potent excitatory effect on contractions of the vagina and the oviduct. These results suggest that fulicin controls female egg-laying behavior as an excitatory neuropeptide regulating the female reproductive organs of the snail.