Fund-Nutritional Properties of Physiological Functions of Vitamin Biz and Antioxidative Substances of Algae

干青菜维生素B_(12&gt；)和紫色(PorPhyra sp.)用莱氏乳杆菌ATCC7830微生物法和内源因子化学发光法测定乳杆菌(NORI)。微生物法测得的绿叶和紫色紫菜的干重分别为68.58±2.9ug/100g和32.26±1.61ug/100g，与化学发光法测定的60.20±2.21ug/100g和25.07±0.54ug/100g；μg/100g干重相同。报道了一种藻类保健食品螺旋藻(Spirulina sp.)片剂，经测定。用微生物法测得的螺旋藻片剂的测定值是化学发光法测定值的6~9倍。用全自动化学发光分析仪测定了食品中维生素B_(12)的含量，并与微生物法进行了比较。在贝类和螺旋藻中，由微生物…确定的值虽然在其他食品中两种方法的测定值有很好的相似性，但~6-8的测定值比化学发光法的测定值要高。为明确冻干紫菜中维生素B_(12)的生物利用度，测定了冻干紫菜中总维生素B_(12)及其类似物的含量，并观察了紫菜对维生素B_(12)缺乏大鼠的饲喂效果。紫菜含有5种具有生物活性的维生素B_(12)化合物(氰基、羟基、硫基、腺苷和甲钴胺)，其中维生素B_(12)和甲钴胺(腺苷和甲钴胺)约占总维生素B_(12)的60%。用紫菜(10μg/kg饲料)喂养9周龄尿中排出大量甲基丙二酸(71.7(SE 20.2)μ/d)的大鼠20d后，尿甲基丙二酸排泄量(作为维生素B缺乏的指标)变得不能清除，肝脏维生素B(尤其是腺苷钴胺)水平显著升高。这些结果表明，紫菜干中的维生素B_(12)和维生素B_(12)对大鼠是生物可利用的。杜氏杜氏藻生长既不需要维生素B，也不能大量摄取外源维生素B。在不含维生素B的培养液中培养的杜氏藻细胞含有生物活性维生素B12(20.18±5.53 ng/g湿重)。在细胞中发现的大约77%的维生素B；12&gt；在大分子组分中被回收(腺苷-B；12&gt；39%；甲基-B；12&gt；21%)。这些结果表明该藻类具有合成维生素B_(12)的能力。检测红藻中非蛋白质氨基酸的抗氧化化合物。用Dowex柱层析分离了条斑紫菜菌体的乙醇提取物。硫氰酸铁和TBARS测定表明，碱性组分V具有较强的抗氧化能力。通过氨基酸分析，在该碱性组份中，除了鸟氨酸、赖氨酸和精氨酸外，还检测到组氨酸、3-甲基组氨酸、肌肽和鹅丝氨酸。肌氨酸和安丝氨酸的存在表明，组氨酸相关化合物也参与了条斑紫菜的抗氧化反应。用硫氰酸铁法和硫代巴比妥酸法测定了菊花提取物的抗氧化活性。甲醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯和乙酸乙酯提取物以及氯仿-甲醇提取物中的氯仿和水溶部分的活性高于α-生育酚。热水提取物的活性很低。对活性提取物的薄层分析表明，存在几种抗氧化剂。氯仿可溶部分的活性来自于叶绿素类似物。从甲醇提取物中分离到一种强烈的抗氧化剂，并伴随着亮氨酸和苯丙氨酸等几种氨基酸。该化合物被鉴定为Usujilene，一种类似霉孢素-甘氨酸的氨基酸。较少

Vitamin B_<12> concentrations of dried green (Enteromorpha sp.) and purple (Porphyra sp.) Iavers (nori) were determined by both Lactobacillus leichmannii ATCC 7830 microbiological and intrinsic factor chemiluminescence methods. The values determined by using the microbiological method (68.58±2.9 and 32.26±1.61 u g/1OOg of dry weight) were identical to (bund by using the chemiluminescence method (60.20±2.21 and 25.07±0.54 <μg/100g dry weight) in both dried green and purple lavers, respectively. The vitamin B_<12> concentration of an algal health food, spirulina (Spirulina sp.) tablets, was determined. The values determined with the microbiological method were 〜6-9-fold greater in the spirulina tablets than the values determined with chemiluminescence method. The contents of vitamin B_<12> in foods were assayed by using a fully automated chemiluminescence analyzer, which was compared with a microbiological method. In shellfishes and spirulina, the values determined by the microbiological … More method were〜6-8 told greater than the values determined by the chemiluminescence method, although there was good similarity between the values by the two methods in other foods. To clarify the bioavailability of vitamin B_<12> in lyophilized purple laver(nori), total vitamin B_<12> and vitamin B_<12> analogue contents were determined, and the effects of feeding the laver to vitamin B_<12>-deficient rats were investigated. The purple laver contained five types of biologically active vitamin B_<12> compounds(cyano-, hydroxo-, sulfito-, adenosyl-, and methylcobalamin), in which vitamin B_<12> coenzymes (adenosyl- and rnethylcobalamin) comprised about 60% of the total vitamin B_<12>. When 9-week-old vitamin Burdeficient rats, which excreted substantial amounts of methylmaIonic acid(71.7(SE 20.2) μ mol/d) in urine, were fed the diet purple laver (10μg/kg diet) for 20 d. urinary methylmalonic acid excretion (as an index of vitamin B_<12> deficiency) become uncletectable and hepatic vitamin B_<12> (especially adenosylcobalamin) levels were significantly increased. These results indicate that vitamin B_<12> in dried purple laver is bioavailable to rats. Dunaliella tertiolecta neither required vitamin B_<12> for growth nor took up exogenous vitamin B_<12> significantly. The Dunaliella cells grown in a vitamin B_<12>-free medium contained biologically active vitamin B_<12> (20.18±5.53 ng/g wet weight). About 77% of vitamin B_<12> found in the cells was recovered in macromolecular fractions (adenosyl- B_<12>, 39% ; and methyl- B_<12>, 21%). These results suggest that the alga has ability to synthesize vitamin B_<12> coenxymes.To examine the antioxidative compounds of nonpmtein amino acids in a red alga. Porphyra yezoensis, an ethanol extract of the cultured thalli was fractionated with Dowex column. The basic fraction V showed strong antioxidative capacities with ferric thiocyanate and TBARS measurements. In this basic fraction, histidine, 3-methylhistidine, carnosine, and anserine wewre detected beside ornitine, lysine, and arginine by amino acid analysis. The occurrence ofcarnosine and anserine suggests that the histidine-related compounds also contribute to the antioxidative reactions in P. yezoensis. The antioxidant activities of several extracts from Susabinori were measured by the ferric thiocyanate method and the thiobarbituric acid method. The methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, and Ivexane extracts, and the chloroform-soluble and water-soluble fractions from the chloroform-metanol extract exhibited higher activities than a -tocopherol. The hot water extract showed little activity. Thin-layer chromatography analysis of the active extracts suggested the existence of several antioxidants. The activity of the chloroform soluble fraction was due to chlorophyll analogs. A strong antioxiclant was isolated from the methanol extract, accompanied by several amino acids such as leucine and phenylalanine. This compound was identified as usujilene, a kind ofmycosporine-glycine like amino acid. Less