Kinematic analysis of swimming movements of skilled swimmers with Disabilities. : For Integrated Swimming Classification.

1.本研究比较了脊髓损伤和脑瘫（双瘫型）运动员在自由泳和蛙泳时的运动特征.自由泳运动员上肢SCI和CP的骨盆最大旋转角显著大于对照组。上半身SCI和CP患者躯干的攻击角较大，这是由于瘫痪导致骨盆和下肢的控制功能下降所致。但是，在这些游泳运动员中，对于技术特别优秀的运动员，骨盆的最大旋转角较小，下肢关节的运动较少无用.观察躯干的旋转运动，特别是上下躯干的运动，在S级（自由式）的评价中很重要.在蛙泳中上肢的动作分为划水和恢复两种，在上肢SCI的游泳者中，减速在这些动作中的意义是被认可的，而在CP的游泳者中，同样的意义没有被注意到。以上结果表明，上肢SCI患者在蛙泳训练中处于劣势，自由泳和蛙泳在IPC分类中的差异是适当的。6.本研究表明，对残疾人进行游泳训练的方法不应该基于对健康游泳者的运动学分析，而是取决于那些优秀的残疾游泳运动员。

1. This study compared characteristics of those swimmers with SCI and CP (diplegic type) during free style and the breast stroke.2. The maximal rotational angle of the pelvis of free style swimmers with upper SCI and CP was significantly greater than that of the control subjects. Also, the attack angle of the trunk of those with upper SCI and CP was greater.These phenomena are caused by a decline of the control function of the pelvis and the lower extremities because of paralysis. But, it is founded that the maximal rotational angle of 1he pelvis was smaller and the movements of the joints of lower extremities were less useless concerning especially excellent skilled swimmers among these swimmers.3. The observation of the rotation movement of the trunk, especially the movements of the upper and lower trunk is important in the evaluation of the S class (free style).4. Motions of the upper extremities classified into sweep and recovery during the breaststroke, the significance of deceleration compared in those motions was recognized among swimmers with upper SCI.However, the same significance as not noted among those with CP.5. These results indicated those with upper SCI are at a disadvantage, compared with those with CP in breast stroke swimming, and it was found that the difference between the free style and breast stroke in IPC classification is appropriate.6.This study indicates that the method of swimming coaching to persons with disabilities should not be based on the result of a kinematic analysis of the healthy swimmers, but on that of excellent swimmers with disabilities.