Studies on mechanisms of insecticide resistance and the application of characteristics of insecticide resistance for the integrated pest management

1 .阐明杀虫剂抗性机制。降低乙酰胆碱酯酶对杀虫剂的敏感性是其最重要的抗性因素之一。克隆了cincticeps Nephotetix、ttaeniomychus等多种害虫的AChE cDNA，并对其氨基酸序列进行了澄清。结果表明，乙酰胆碱酯酶对杀虫剂的敏感性测定，筛选了具有负相关交叉抗性的杀虫剂组合。在OP抗性家蝇中，雄性谷胱甘肽- s转移酶活性高于雌性，雄性萌发因子位于2^<和>染色体上，雄性高GST活性是由GST基因扩增引起的。分析了小夜蛾对permethn抗性的细胞色素P450基因（CYP9A）。基于抗虫特性的害虫综合治理方法的建立。开发简便的杀虫剂抗性监测方法是制定杀虫剂抗性策略的重要内容之一。通过测定对杀虫剂产生抗性的稻叶跳虫、家蝇、稻水象甲等昆虫的酶活性（酯酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶、谷胱甘肽酶）。在无法应用生化监测方法的情况下，开发了针对小菜蛾、西花蓟马等害虫的简易生物测定方法。介绍具有负相关交叉抗性的杀虫剂组合、杀虫剂抗性天敌、天敌与选择性杀虫剂的保护、核多角体病毒等。还能有效降低杀虫剂的选择压力，延缓或延缓抗药性的产生。

1 Clarification of mechanisms of insecticide resistance. Reduced sensitivity of AChE to insecticides which is one of the most important resistance factor. AChE cDNA are cloned and their aminoacids sequences were clarified in various insect pests such as Nephotetix cincticeps, Cidex tntaeniomychus, etc. Results indicated that insecticide resistance was caxised not only by the point mutation but also by the post translation By assaying AChE sensitivity to insecticides, combination of insecticides which show negatively con-elated cross resistance were screened. In OP resistant house fly, glutahtion-S-transferase activity is higher in males than in females the male germinating factor is located on the 2^<nd> chromosome, high GST activity in males were caused by ihe amplification of GST gene. Cytochrome P450 gene (CYP9A) which is responsible for permethnn resistance in Spodptera exigua was analyzed.2. Establishment of the integrated pest management based oncharacteristics of insecticide resistant insects. Development of simple monitoring methods for insecticide resistance is one of the most important points for us establish a strategy for insecticide resistance. By assaying enzyme activities (esterase, AChE, GST) of individual insecte which an involved in insecticide resistance were developed (green rice leaf- and plant hoppers, house fly, rice water weevil, etc.). In case we could not apply biochemical monitoring methods, simple bioassay methods were developed against diamondback moth, western flower thrips, etc. Introduction of combination of insecticides which show negatively con-elated cross resistance, insecticide resistant natural enemies, conservation of natural enemies with selective insecticides, nucleopolyhedrovirus, ete. were also effective to reduce the selection pressure by insecticides and can contribute to delay or retard the development of insecticide resistance.