Comparative Study of the Religious Situation and the Cultural Functions of Religious Studies and sociology of Religion at the End of the 19^<th> Century.

20世纪初至21世纪初，国际上对“现代”宗教研究和宗教社会学的重新思考和重新制定的呼声更加强烈。本研究项目旨在厘清日本和德国在19世纪末的宗教状况与宗教学形成的关系，并试图为宗教学的实际问题提供一些有益的提示。首先，我谈到了日本宗教研究的创始人，Anesaki Masaharu，他的生活和工作典型地展示了宗教科学与当时的政治/文化形势的相互关系。麻醉崎不仅为日本宗教的实证研究奠定了基础，而且积极地介入了当时的宗教政治局势。从这个意义上说，他的案例清楚地说明了宗教研究的文化功能。2000年8月，在南非德班举行的国际宗教史协会第18届世界大会上，anesaki研究的一部分以论文的形式发表。该研究的主要内容将于2002年春天以《雁崎正春与现代日本》为题出版。我们研究的另一个主题是澄清德国宗教社会学创始人之一乔治·西美尔的宗教理论。我们的研究证实，齐美尔的（宗教）社会学和生命哲学是在与现代性的总体矛盾关系中建立起来的，也是在与当时的宗教和文化的当代形势的矛盾关系中建立起来的。我在我的文章“对宗教的‘心理学’理解的后果”中讨论了这种情况。在研究过程中出现了另一个主题，这是我们研究的第一个概念中没有提到的，即对两个世纪的宗教状况和宗教研究的异同之处的比较。我在我的文章《后现代宗教的条件？和“伴随的阴影……反科学与寻找‘灵性’的梦想”。少

At this turn of the century from 20^<th> to 21^<st>, the call for the reconsideration and reformulation of the "modern" religious studies and sociology of religion became internationally much stronger. This research Project aimed at the clarification of the relationship between religious situation and formation of religious studies in fin de siecle both in Japan and Germany, and tried to obtain some useful hints for the actual issues of religious studies.Firstly, I dealt with the founder of the Japanese religious studies, Anesaki Masaharu, whose life and work typically show the interrelatedness of science of religion and the political /cultural situation of the day. Anesaki not only gave the foundation for the empirical study of religion in Japan, but also interfered actively in the religio-political situation of his day. In this sense, his case exemplifies clearly the cultural function of religious studies. A part of Anesaki-research was published as a paper read at the 18^<th> Quinqu … More ennial World Congress of the International Association for the History of Religion in Durban, South Africa, August 2000. The main part of the research will be published in a book-form with the title "Anesaki Masaharu and the Modern Japan" in the spring of 2002.Another theme of our research was the clarification of the religious theories of Georg Simmel, one of the founders of sociology of religion in Germany. It was confirmed in our research that Simmel established his sociology (of religion) and philosophy of life in ambivalent relationships with modernity in general and with contemporary situation of religion and culture in his time. I discussed about this circumstance in my article "Consequences of the 'psychologistic' understanding of religion".In the course of the research there surfaced another theme, which was not proclaimed in the first concept of our research, namely the comparison of the two fin de siecle in terms of religious situation and religious research in their parallels and differences. I treated this theme in my articles "The Conditions of 'Post-modern Religiosity? '" and "The Accompanying Shadow…Counter-Science and the Dream of the Search for the 'Spirituality'". Less