Social psychological study of adaptive bases of sharing rules

本研究从进化的角度考察了社会分享规则的适应性基础。正如人类学和社会学反复发现的那样，与他人的社会交换和重要资源的共享构成了人类群体生活的核心要素。我们进行了一系列的计算机模拟和进化博弈模型来探索社会分享的适应价值，然后通过一系列的心理/行为实验提交了从模型中得出的论文进行实证检验。博弈模型表明，当资源获取具有高度不确定性时，将资源指定为公共物品的公共共享策略是一种进化稳定策略。采用美国和日本参与者的跨国实验为本文提供了一些实证支持，表明人类共享倾向高度依赖于资源获取的不确定性程度。

This study examined adaptive bases of social sharing rules from an evolutionary perspective. As repeatedly found in anthropology and sociology, social exchange and sharing of important resources with others constitute a core element of human group life. We conducted a series of computer simulations and evolutionary game modeling to explore adaptive values of social sharing, and then submitted the theses derived from the modeling for empirical tests by a series of psychological/behavioral experiments. The game modeling revealed that, when resource-acquisition is highly uncertain, a communal-sharing strategy that designates the resource for public goods is an Evolutionarily Stable Strategy. Cross-national experiments using American as well as Japanese participants provided some empirical supports for this thesis, revealing that human sharing tendency is highly contingent upon the degree of uncertainties involved in resource acquisition.