Behavioral scientific research about flexibility of the coping strategy and burnout.

我们通常试图采用应对行为来减轻压力情况下的压力。应对策略包括两类策略；以问题为中心的应对，即面对压力情况并寻求解决方案；以情绪为中心的应对，即侧重于改善相关的情绪困扰水平。应对策略的效果取决于压力情境的可控性。以问题为中心的应对在可控情境下有效，而以情绪为中心的应对在不可控情境下有效。因此，根据应激情境的可控性，灵活地采取应对策略对减轻应激具有重要意义。本研究考察了应对措施的灵活性和持久性对菌株的影响。本研究包括三个部分：应对灵活性与压力的关系；控制欲、应对持久性与压力的关系；以及诱发应对持久性的社会因素。主要研究结果如下。(1)灵活的应对策略与主观压力的减少有关。应对策略采取不当与高应变有关。(2)高控制欲望与在不可控情境下坚持采取问题导向型应对方式有关，而高压力与高控制欲望有关。(3)他人期望和个人责任是影响应对策略灵活采用的社会因素。来自他人的期望与高压力和低满意度有关。个人责任引起高度的精神痛苦。特别是A型个体在责任情境下表现出高度的自主神经系统觉醒。这些结果表明，灵活采取应对策略的干扰导致了高应变。

We usually attempt to employ coping behaviors to reduce strains in stress situations. Coping strategies contain two types of strategies ; problem-focused coping, which confronts and seeks solutions to the stress situations, and emotion-focused coping, which focuses to ameliorating the associated level of emotional distress. The effects of coping strategies depend on the controllability of stress situations. Problem-focused coping is effective in the controllable situation, while emotion-focused coping is effective in the uncontrollable situation. Therefore, it is important for stress reduction to adopt coping strategies flexibly according to the controllability of stress situations. The present study examined the effects of flexible and persistency of coping adoptions on strains. This study was consisted of three parts, (1) the relationship between coping flexibility and strains, (2) the relationship among the desire for control, coping persistency, and strains, and (3) the examinations of social factors that induce coping persistency. Main findings were as follows.(1) The flexible adoptions of coping strategies were related to the reduction of subjective strains. Inadequate adoptions of coping strategies were connected with high strains.(2) The high desire for control was related to the persistency to adopt problem-focused coping under the uncontrollable situation, which the persistency was connected with high strains.(3) Expectations from others and personal responsibility were considered as social factors that were disturbed flexible adoptions of coping strategies. Expectations from others were related to high strains and low satisfaction for work. Personal responsibility elicited high mental distress. Especially, Type A individuals showed high arousal of the autonomic nervous system in the responsible situation.These findings indicated that the disturbances of flexible adoptions of coping strategies induced high strains.