Micro Sociological Analysis of Gender Display in Visual Media

本研究的目的是对视觉经验社会学“视觉社会学”的理论思考和基础。两项任务：(1)对视觉经验的社会学研究进行理论回顾，重新定位视觉社会学；(2)建立视觉图像数据库，对性别视觉体验进行试点分析。之前的视觉社会学研究在两个方向上积累了成果：视觉数据在社会学（定性）研究中的使用，以及视觉图像的社会学（符号学启发）分析。但是，矛盾的是，他们把视觉数据视为次要的，而忽视或认为视觉是理所当然的。我们认为视觉社会学应该有三个主题，(1)视觉体验是社会文化建构的，(2)社会文化建构的视觉构成了世界——即视觉是反身的，(3)视觉应该作为社会文化实践来研究。本文对视觉社会学的研究进行了批判性的回顾，并提出了视觉社会学的研究方向。然后，以民族方法学研究为例进行了探讨。为了体现这一建议，我们建立了电视商业电影和时尚杂志的视觉图像数据库，并考察了性别的视觉表达和体验。我们并没有把这些视觉材料当作某种东西的反映：社会结构、权力关系、意识形态、刻板印象等等。视觉表现是通过观看/观看的行为来体现的，因此观看/观看是至关重要的。我们从这个角度来审视性别。看/看与性别的体验是分不开的，这与日常社会过程的建构也是分不开的。看/看是在日常社会过程中建构性别。当前的任务是对数据库进行进一步的全面开发，并开发一些有效的视觉语言表达技术，后者通常是视觉社会学的任务。少

The purpose of this study is theoretical consideration and grounding of a sociology of visual experience : "visual sociology". Two tasks : (1) reviewing theoretically of proceeding sociological studies on visual experience, and a reorientation of visual sociology ; (2) making of visual-image database, and a pilot analysis of visual experiences of gender.The proceeding visual sociological studies have accumulated results in two directions : the use of visual data in sociological (qualitative) research, and the sociological (semiotics-inspired) analyzes of visual image. But they, paradoxically, have treated the visual data as secondary, and disregarded or taken for granted the visual as such. We assert visual sociology should have three themes, (1) the visual experiences are socio-culturally constructed, (2) the socio-culturally constructed visuals make up the world - i.e., the visual is reflexive, and (3) the visual should be studied as socio-cultural practices. This study reviews the p … More roceeding studies critically and proposes some orientations of visual sociology. Then we discuss some ethnomethodological studies as the cases of the precursors.For embodiment of the proposal, we built visual-image database with television commercial films and fashion magazines, then examine visual expressions and experiences of gender. We do not take these visual materials as reflections of something : social structure, power relationship, ideology, stereotype, etc. Visual representation is embodied through the conduct of seeing/looking as such, so the seeing/looking as such is critical. We examine gender from this standpoint. Seeing/looking and experience of gender are inseparable, and this and the construction of social process in everyday are also inseparable. Seeing/looking is constructing gender in everyday social processes.The tasks at hand are some researches with further throughout exploitation of the database, and development of some effective visual-verbal presentation techniques of the results of this study, The latter is always the visual sociological task. Less