<<市民>>概念の再検討-1789年人権宣言成立過程の研究

开展这一研究项目的目的是，通过深入阅读《人权宣言》的众多草案和1789年国民议会的辩论文件，了解公民身份的概念及其社会条件是如何在法国大革命新建立的社会中设想的。正如几个草案所示和明确的宣言所表达的那样，我们首先可以挑选出一个以自由平等的个人为基本单位的社会形象。然而，为了得到肯定和保障，这种自由需要一种权威，公民的自治必须在与其他公民的依赖的狭隘关系中得到承认。这一矛盾得到了澄清，特别是当我们谈到关于宗教自由和思想自由的辩论时。坚持既要申报义务又要申报权利的草案，在自律与依附之间表现出同样的矛盾。除了逻辑上的矛盾之外，大会8月份的辩论受到革命进程激进化和各教派之间日益增长的阴谋的影响，不得不在犹豫中犹豫不决，并由于承诺而连续界定条款。最后，这场辩论突然结束，没有通过一些重要的问题，如公众支持的问题，从而使权利宣言没有实现。《宣言》在逻辑上的矛盾和实践中的模棱两可，也会暴露出新社会公民观念存在的诸多问题。

This research project has been begun in order to understand how the notion of citizenship and its social conditions were envisaged in the society newly founded by the French Revolution, through an intensive reading of the numerous drafts for the Declaration of human rights and documents of debate in the National Assembly in the year 1789. As is shown by several drafts and expressed by the definite declaration, we can at first pick out a image of society of which elementary unit is a free and equal individual. However, in order to be affirmed and assured, this freedom needs a kind of authority and the autonomy of citizen had to be recognised in narrow relation with the dependance to other citizens. This antinomy is clarified especially when we remark the debate concerning the freedon of religion and that of thought. Drafts insisting the necessity of declaring duties as well as right show the same antinomy between aotonomy and dependance. In addition to the logical contradiction, the debate of the Assembly in August, influenced by the radicalisation of the revolutionary process and ever-growing conggflicts between the sects, was obliged to remain in the midst of hesitation and to define the articles successively as a result of promiss. At last the debate is brought to close suddenly without adoption of some important problems such as that of public support, and thus the declaration of right was left inachieved. The contradiction in logic and ambiguity in practice of the declaration will also suggest lots of problems concerning notion of citizen in the newly formed society.