Environment Conservation and the Problems of the Depopulated Communities in the Rural Areas

我们可以看到，在当今日本山区，边缘社区的增加和乡村社区的消亡。在人口减少的山地社区中，不仅存在着老年人问题，还存在着耕地废弃、森林管理等环境问题。本文以四国地区的池川町、高知县等地为例，对山地社区的振兴政策进行了调查研究，最终明确了以下3点：1.首先，对日本2000年4月开始实行的直接支付制度进行了考察，并明确了需要改进的几个问题.第二，建议尽快建立林业直接支付制度，以振兴山区社区.第三，指出山区社区居民要实现区域振兴，必须建立认同感，即增强居民自我管理社区的能力，从而明确山区社区在建设“人与自然”和谐社会中的重要作用。

We can notice the increase of marginal community and the extinction of rural community in present mountain areas in Japan. In depopulated mountain communities, there are not only problems of the aged people, but also environmental issues caused of abandonment of arable land and forest management.We carried out the survey mountain communities in Shikoku district, such as Ikegawa town, Kochi prefecture and etc, and examined the policy for revitalization and finally clarified 3 points as follows,1. First, the direct payment system that was introduced in Japan from April, 2000, was examined and several problems to be improved were clarified.2. Secondly, we proposed that early establishment of the direct payment system in forestry in order to revitalize the mountain communities.3. Thirdly, we pointed out that the inhabitants in mountain communities, have to establish identity for regional revitalization, in other words, enlarge inhabitant's ability of self management of their communities.As a result, we made it clear that the mountain communities are performing very important role in making an affluent society of "human being and nature".