Archaeological Study on Spatial Structure of Medeival Harvor Site centering on Tosaminato Site in Aomori Prefecture

这是对日本青森县北部的卡拉川城堡进行考古调查的报告。场地坐落在俯瞰日本海的小山上。富山大学考古系在志浦村教育委员会工作人员的协助下进行了三个夏天的考古实地工作。这项工作得到了日本文部科学省的科学研究资助。本报告概述了1999年至2001年每年7月和8月进行的实地调查结果。三年的田野调查发现了一个被护城河和土方工程包围的古代定居点。在这里的调查工作开始之前，这个遗址被认为与当时统治土佐港区（Tosa Minato）的安藤家族（Ando Family）有关。土佐港区是该地区最重要的港口之一。然而，这次调查的结果表明，它可以追溯到10世纪末至11世纪初。这一发现让专门研究中世纪城堡的考古学家们更加惊讶，因为类似的护城河和土方工程密集地分布在青森，通常被认为属于仙谷时期（16世纪）。此外，这座城堡的面积为8万平方米，是日本北部最大的古城堡。本季度的第二个重大发现是，经过测量的调查显示，这座城堡内有40多座住宅。其中两个是与铁生产密切相关的住宅。在居住没有。有七个铁匠的火炉，在住宅里没有。有一个。在这两座住宅之间，有两座炼铁炉的遗迹。在这些发现之前，人们一直认为，由护城河和土方工程包围的定居点纯粹具有军事意义，是日本北部部落之间战争的证据，被称为“Emishi”。我们现在认为，我们必须重新评价这种解决办法的意义。具体来说，我们应该强调它们作为连接青森津加鲁平原和北海道南部的集散中心的作用。这些考古发现表明，无论是在中世纪，还是在古代，珠山湖周边地区都是一个非常重要的贸易中心。少

This is a report on archaeological investigations at Karakawa Castle in the north of Aomori Prefecture, Japan. The site is situated on a hill overlooking the Japan Sea. Three summers of archaeological fieldwork have been carried out by the Department of Archaeology at Toyama University, assisted by the staff of the Shiura Village Board of Education. The work has been funded by a Grant-in-aid for Scientific Research from the Japanese Ministry of Education and Science.This report outlines the results of fieldwork undertaken annually in July and August from 1999 to 2001. The three years of fieldwork resulted in the discovery of an ancient settlement site surrounded by a moat and earthworks. Before survey-work here began, this site was thought to have had associations with the Ando Family who ruled Tosa Minato, one of the most important ports in the region at that time. The results of this survey, however, show that it dates back to the late 1Oth 〜 early 11th centuries. This discovery has … More surprised archaeologists who specialize in medieval castles, because similar moats and earthworks, which are densely distributed throughout Aomori, are generally thought to belong to the Sengoku period (16th century). Moreover, the area of this castle is 80,000 square meters, making it the biggest ancient castle in northern Japan.The second major discovery of this season was that the measured surveys revealed more than 40 dwellings inside this castle. Two of them are dwellings strongly associated with iron production. In dwelling no. 1, there are seven smith's hearths, and in dwelling no. 2 there is one. Between the two dwellings, there are the remains of two iron-producing furnaces. Until these came to light, it was thought that settlements surrounded by moats and earthworks were of purely military significance, as evidence of warfare between the tribes of northern Japan, known as 'Emishi'. We now think that we have to re-evaluate the significance of such settlements. Specifically, we should emphasize their role as distribution centers linking the Tsugaru plain in Aomori and the southern part of Hokkaido. These archaeological discoveries show that the area around Lake Ju-san played a remarkably important role as a focus for trade not only in the medieval period but also in ancient times. Less