Desire and Asceticism in the Ancient Mediterranean World

今年，我们交换了每个研究人员的信息，并严格审查了在上学期末与其他大学的讲座一起举行的研讨会上提出的信息。根据这些信息，我们准备了研究结果的报告。水谷智弘先生与去年一样是研究合作者，没有积极参与研究项目。本研究项目的成员本村良二先生在第一学年处理了罗马社会性伦理的转变。去年，他研究了角斗士表演中的生与死。这一年，他验证了占有欲的历史性转变的上级马匹。另一位研究员Takashi Onuki先生对古代晚期地中海世界的禁欲主义（基督教和非基督教）进行了研究。他把它分为三类：诺斯替主义，在他的 ...更多信息 这种观点，寻找“世界的毁灭”，Encratism，这可以在使徒的伪经行为典型地发现，并在第四世纪达到顶峰的早期修道。根据史料，他澄清了各个群体的内在动机过程，并将其命名为“禁欲主义神学”。这一研究导致了当代东正教所提倡的性伦理，东正教意识到上述三个群体，敦促“有节制的婚姻生活”，这是每个社会日常生活中可行的禁欲。他认为，在罗马社会后期，婚姻观念从法律的程序转向了现实的婚姻生活。性关系逐渐被限定在夫妻之间，包括“夫妻之爱”在内的“内心世界”在新的趋势中受到高度重视。因此，“性”被视为“不洁”。两位研究人员得出结论，基督教的传播是基于古代晚期地中海世界人民的这种性心理。正是在这一点上，研究的显著成果应该得到赞赏。少

This year, we have exchanged the information of each researcher and also critically examined the information presented in a symposium, which was held at the end of the last term with lectures from other universities. Based on this information, we have prepared to make a report of the research results.Mr. Tomohiro Mizutani was a research collaborator as he was last year and did not actively participate in the research project. Mr. Ryoji Motomura, a member of the research project, dealt with the transition of the sexual ethics in the Roman society in the first Academic year. Then he studied, last year, the concept of life and death in the spectacle of gladiators. This year, he verified the historical transformation of a desire for possession in terms of the superior horses.Mr. Takashi Onuki, another researcher, carried out research on asceticism - Christian and non-Christian - of the Mediterranean world of late Antiquity. He classified it into three groups : the Gnosticism which, in his … More view, looks for "the destruction of the world", Encratism, which can be typically found in Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles, and early monasticism which reached its acme in the 4th century. Depending on the historical sources, he clarified the process of internal motivations of each group and named it "the theology of asceticism". This research led to the sexual ethics encouraged by the contemporary Orthodox Church which, being aware of the aforementioned three groups, urged "the married life with continence", a feasible abstinence in the ordinary life of each society.This last argument coincides with the research made by Mr. Motomura. He argues that the notion of marriage transferred from the legal procedure to the practical married life in the later Roman society. The sexual relationship was gradually limited to a married couple and "the internal world" including the concept of "conjugal love" was highly regarded in the new tendency. Accordingly, "sexuality" came to be regarded as "impurity". The two researchers conclude that the spread of Christianity was based on this sexual mentality of the people in the Mediterranean world of late Antiquity. It is on this point that the remarkable results of the research should be appreciated. Less