The Positive and Legally Philosophical Study on Establishments of Norm in the Ways How to Die

这项研究旨在探讨“安乐死”，这是如何死的方式之一，这些天。首先，本研究采用与澳大利亚和荷兰相同的自填式问卷，通过邮寄调查的方式，对日本医生和护士对自愿安乐死的态度和做法进行了实证研究，并对日本医生和护士在这方面的态度和做法进行了比较。结果发现，与澳大利亚或荷兰的医生相比，日本的医生倾向于更多地考虑患者家属的意见，而不是患者本人的意见。研究还发现，日本护士几乎不参与自愿安乐死，而日本医生对自愿安乐死的态度普遍比澳大利亚和荷兰医生消极。其次，本研究对安乐死进行了理论研究。人们发现，我们需要一个比英美或西欧更全面的理论，因为它们似乎过于基于自决理论的个人主义。我们，特别是东亚人，应该需要一个在他或她的死亡问题上考虑到家庭意见和个人意见的理论。因此，本研究的第三部分将试图构建以家庭为基础的安乐死理论，特别是展示东亚人对VE的态度。

This research aims to explore "euthanasia" which is one of the ways how to die these days. First it conducted the research on facts to demonstrate Japanese doctors' and nurses' attitudes towards and practices of voluntary euthanasia (VE) and compare their attitudes and practices in this regard, by postal survey using a self-administrated questionnaire, most of which are as same as those conducted in Australia and Holland before. It was found that Japanese medical practitioners tend to take into far more consideration the opinion of the patient family, not of the patient herself or himself, compared with ones in Australia or Holland. It was also found that Japanese nurses are hardly involved in VE, though Japanese medical practitioners are generally more passive attitude towards VE than Australian and Dutch ones.Secondly this research conducted theoretical studies on euthanasia. It was found that we need a more comprehensive theory than Anglo-American or West-European one which seems too individualistic based on a self-determination theory. We, especially East Asian people, are supposed to need the theory which takes into account as much family's opinion as individual's one on his or her death.So thirdly this research will try to construct the family-based theory on euthanasia, especially demonstrating East-Asian people's attitudes towards VE.