An Economic Analysis of Deregulation, Privatization and Vertical Separation

本研究的主要目的是分析和评估政府对铁路行业的投资，重点关注私营提供铁路服务及其有效性。在为期两年的研究项目中，我们首先把精力和时间集中在铁路行业和公用事业的放松管制和私有化问题上。下一阶段，我们将集中在三个方面：对日本城市轨道交通政策的分析和评价；日本轨道交通私有化的审查和评价；日本民营铁路多元化战略的分析与评价。在大多数工业化国家，公共所有权、补贴和经营赤字通常被认为是提供包括铁路在内的公共地面运输的必然结果。然而，在日本，许多私营公司提供足够的公共交通服务，并在没有补贴的情况下盈利经营。因此，我们的研究结果将有助于该领域的进一步研究。通过本研究，我们可以得出一些有价值的见解，为未来的轨道交通政策和私人提供公共交通和/或公用事业的研究奠定坚实的基础。特别是我们声称私营部门的内部效率很高，要利用其内在绩效，我们需要在规划（战略）层面上照顾“政府失灵”。我们还声称，日本模式体现了一种情况，在这种情况下，铁路系统可以在没有补贴的情况下由铁路运营商在不受管制的地区进行多样化经营，这应该被认为是可以接受的。由于这一主题是一项非常重要和艰巨的任务，我们愿意继续在这一领域的研究。实际上，我们已经开始分析和评价神户-科索沃轨道交通垂直分离的独特风格。

The main purpose of our study is the analysis and evaluation of the governmental innervation to the rail industries, focusing on the private provision of railway services and its effectiveness. During the two year research project, at first, we focused our efforts and time to do research on the issues related deregulation and privatization in rail industries and public utilities. As a next stage, we are concentrating on three particular aspects : the analysis and evaluation or Japanese urban rail transportation policy : the review and evaluation of JNR privatization ; the analysis and evaluation of diversification strategy of private railways in Japan. In most industrialized countries, public ownership, subsidies, and operating deficits are generally taken as a given to the provision of public surface transportation which include rail. In Japan, however, numerous privately owned corporations provide adequate public transportation services and operate profitably without subsidization. Therefore, our findings of this study will contribute further progress of the study or this area.Through this study, we could figune out several valuable insights which give firm base for future research for the rail transportation policy and the private provision of public transportation and/or public utilities. Especially we claim that the internal efficiency of private sector is high and to utilize its intrinsic performance we need take care of 'government failure' at the planning(strategic)level. And also we we claim that the Japanese model exemplifies a scenario under which railway systems can be privately operated without subsidization and diversification into unregulated areas by the rail operators should be considered acceptable.Because of the theme is quite important and very hard task, we would like to continue the research in this area. In actual we already start to analyze and evaluate the unique style vertical separation of rail transportation in case of Kobe-Kosoku.