A Study on Suppression of Urban Fire Spread through Elements of Urban Area

为了解城市要素对火灾蔓延的抑制作用，对阪神-旭日大地震的城市火灾事件进行了分析。收集了阪神-Awaji大地震中城市火灾的图形数据。总结了火焰形态、热释放速率、火势蔓延速度和火灾持续时间，分析了城市区域要素与气象条件的关系。结果表明，建筑结构和条件对热释放速率和同时燃烧面积有明显影响。例如，在存在耐火建筑和倒塌建筑的情况下，热释放率和同时燃烧面积较小，在街道较宽、同时燃烧面积较大的情况下。对于耐火建筑，从以下几个角度分析了与火灾从耐火建筑向邻近建筑蔓延有关的因素：(1)Relationship…(2)火蔓延的发生与被烧建筑物与相邻建筑物的距离之间的关系；(3)建筑物受损程度与消防队灭火的关系。从以下几个方面分析了城市火灾中耐火建筑和准耐火建筑的火灾破坏原因；(1)损害与窗户类型的关系，包括大小、玻璃种类、阳台的存在、与着火建筑物的距离以及建筑物外墙火灾破坏程度之间的关系；(2)建筑物火灾破坏程度与建筑物的用途、结构和尺寸等建筑物特征的关系；(3)建筑物的火灾破坏程度、接近火灾的墙面数量和着火建筑物的结构之间的关系。较少

To find the effect of suppression of fire spread through elements of urban area, urban fire incidents in the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake were analyzed. Graphical data of fires in urban fires in the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake were collected. Shape of flames, heat release rate, velocities of fire spread and duration of fire were summarized and relationship between elements of urban area and weather condition are analyzed. As a result, it is cleared that building structures and condition affects heat release rate and area of simultaneous burning. For example, in case of existence of fire resistant buildings and collapsed buildings, heat release rate and area of simultaneous burning are small, in case of wide streets, area of simultaneous burning extends.As for fire resistant buildings, the factors relating the spread of fires from fire resistant buildings to adjacent buildings during the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake were analyzed from the following perspectives ; (1)Relationship … More between the extent of fire damage and seismic damage to building structure, and between the characteristics, including building use, of the buildings of fire origin and occurrence of fire spread, (2)Relationship between occurrence of fire spread and distances between burnt and adjacent buildings and structure of adjacent buildings, (3)Relationship between the extent of fire damage to buildings and fire fighting of fire brigade.The caused of fire damage to fire resistant buildings and quasi fire resistant buildings in urban fire were also analyzed from the following perspectives ; (1)Relationship between the damage and the type of windows including size, kind of glass, existence of balcony, the distance to burning buildings and those between extent of fire damage of exterior walls of the buildings, (2)Relationship between the extent of fire damage of the building and the characteristics of buildings including building usage, structure and dimensions, (3)Relationship between the extent of fire damage of the building, the number of the face of the wall closes to a fire and the structure of burning building. Less