A Study on the Cordinating System of Food and Agricultural Problems in Contemporary East Asian Countries

本研究考察了当代东亚国家农业中出现的问题和政策，包括环境方面的问题，因为这些国家在90年代初的快速经济增长可能对农业产生很大的影响。在该地区的每个国家，农业问题源于其经济相对薄弱，而非农业部门的经济增长弥补了农业问题。从他们的出口导向型工业化中可以看出。然而，这一发展战略不仅未能解决农民的贫困问题，而且在1997年金融危机后，农村贫困问题更加严重。韩国的快速城市化削弱了农业的生产力，因此，农业土地维护的收入补偿被应用于促进环境-中国农业问题的实质是农业与工业之间的收入差距，以及非农业生产扩张造成的地区差距。农业部门不足以吸收农村地区极端过剩的人口。越南的情况表明，农业很可能带来农民之间的收入差距，因为有些人可以接近机会，而另一些人则没有。这些新的农业问题虽然因国家而异，但都是由人口过剩和环境恶化引起的，这是以前不存在的。已采取应对措施，但其成功或局限性尚未显现。

This Study examines the emerging problems and policy of agriculture, including environmental aspects, in contemporary East Asian countries, since their rapid economic growth in early 90' was likely to be very much influential on agriculture.In each country in the region, agricultural problems, which stem from its relative weakness in economy, have been made up for by economic growth in non-agricultural sector, as seen in their export-oriented industrialization. However, such a development strategy was not only just failed in solving impoverishment of peasants but also made the situation even serious after monetary crisis in 1997.Rapid urbanization in Korea causes agro-environmental problems by weakening the producing power of agriculture, so that income compensation for the agricultural land maintenance was applied to promote the environment-friendly agriculture.In China agricultural problems turn out to be income gaps between agriculture and industry as well as disparity among regions because expansion of non-agricultural sector was not enough to absorb the extreme abundant population in rural area.Vietnamese case shows that its reaction to the expansion of export opportunity in agricultural is likely to bring about income gaps among farmers since some can approach the chance but the others not. Those changes have been caused from its exsport enhancement policy combined with foreign investment opportunity.Those new types of agricultural problems above, of course, differ according to the countries, but all are commonly caused by overpopulation and environment aggravation, which did not exist before. Counter measures were taken, but its success or limits are not shown yet.