Changing Grain Exporting System in Canada and Reform of the Canadian Wheat

本研究的目的是研究最近加拿大粮食出口制度的急剧变化和加拿大小麦局（CWB）的改革，CWB是草原省份生产的小麦和大麦的唯一销售机构。本文重点介绍了加拿大禁制令改革的背景及其对加拿大粮食出口体制可能产生的影响。此外，作者审查了粮食运输问题，特别是目前关于粮食运输政策的辩论。本研究的主要结果如下：首先，自20世纪80年代以来，加拿大粮食出口市场发生了重大变化。在不断变化的出口市场下，加拿大粮食的出口物流地位发生了巨大的变化。最重要的变化是从苏必利尔湖的桑德湾到俄罗斯和欧洲国家的运输量大幅减少。相反，太平洋港口的海运比重有所增加。二是基层电梯的整合趋势显著。各大电梯公司纷纷在铁路干线沿线投资新建高吞吐量电梯。在已建成高吞吐量电梯的地区，许多老旧的主电梯已被关闭。另一个重要的问题是，自美加协定签订以来，嘉吉和ADM等跨国农业综合企业已经进入了加拿大的粮食处理和加工业务。自由贸易协定。笔者将这一趋势归结为北美粮食产业的跨国一体化。第三，自1999年1月“单台销售CWB”引发激烈争议后，CWB进行了机构改革。CWB组织改革的重点是由皇冠公司向粮食生产者与联邦政府共同治理公司的转变。改革的特点是对粮食生产者负责，并增加了操作的灵活性。但中环湾仔绕道在二零零零年年底的运作实际上并没有改变。作者指出，为观察绕道运营改革的效果，应继续进行研究。少

The purpose of this study is to examine the recent drastic change of grain exporting system in Canada and the reform of the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB), the sole marketing body of wheat and barley produced in the Prairie Provinces. Author focused on the background of the reform of CWB and its possible impacts to the grain exporting system in Canada. In addition, author examined issues of grain transportation, particularly current debates on grain transportation policy. Major results of this study are as follows ;First of all, exporting market of Canadian grain has changed substantially since 1980s. Under the changing exporting market, logistics of Canadian grain to the exporting position has drastically changed. The most important change was the big decrease of shipping volume from Thunder Bay at the Lake Superior to Russia and European Countries. On the contrary, share of shipping rain from Pacific Ports has increased.Second, there is remarkable trend to the consolidation of primary el … More evators. Major elevator companies have invested to build new high throughput elevators beside mainline of railway. Many old primary elevators have been closed in the areas where high throughput elevators have been built. Another important point is that transnational agribusiness corporations like as Cargill and ADM have entered grain handling and processing business in Canada since the Canada-U.S.Free Trade Agreement. Author pointed out this trend as transnational integration of grain industry in North America.Third, CWB has reformed its organization since January 1999 after the heated controversy on single desk selling of CWB.Main point of organizational reform of CWB was the change from crown corporation to shared governance corporation between grain producers and federal government. The reform was characterized by the accountability to grain producers and the increased flexibility of operation. But the operation of CWB has not actually changed at the end of 2000. Author pointed out to continue the research for observing the result of operational reform of CWB. Less