Natural History and Diversity of the Social Wasp Genus Ropalidia (Vespidae)

社会性蜂属Ropalidia约有180种，不仅在种类数量上，而且在社会性和筑巢行为上都表现出很大的差异。本研究旨在积累资料并进行必要的分析，以探讨该属的进化过程和机制，以促进社会和筑巢行为的分歧，在参考？(1)在种的水平上对该属进行了分类学研究，重点介绍了新几内亚（50种）和马达加斯加（37种）的种类，这两个地区被认为是该属的分化中心。(2)形态种姓分化在澳大利亚，群成立的物种Ropalidia romandi进行了分析，表明该物种的形态种姓差异是非大小为基础的。讨论了社会性胡蜂形态等级差异的统计分析方法。(3)研究了蜂群建立物种R，Romandi群体的遗传结构，表明该物种实行周期性寡雌。Sulawesian种，R.普莱贝亚，被证明有几乎孤独的生活。开发了一种澳大利亚物种R.plebeiana的微卫星引物-该物种已知会产生巨大的菌落聚集。(4)详细的结构进行了比较研究的无包膜巢，并在巢结构的适应方面进行了讨论。(5)利用形态学和行为学特征，分析了不同种类间的亲缘关系。共鉴定出30个种组，其中以红腹锦鸡儿R. Loriana-group是由其余29个种组组成的单系群的姐妹群。收集了30个种组的DNA序列，并对其中20个种的COI和16 SrRNA进行了测序。

The social wasp genus Ropalidia, consisting of about 180 species, represents considerable divergence not only in the number of species but also in the social and-nesting behaviors. The following researches were conducted in order to accumulate data and to proceed analyses required to discuss, with reference to the phylogeny, the evolutionary process and mechanisms to promote the divergence in social and nesting behaviors in this genus.(1) Taxonomic review of Ropalidia at the species level was made; special attention was paid on the species in New Guinea (50 species) and Madagascar (37 species), both areas being considered as the centers of divergence of the genus.(2) Morphological caste differentiation in the Australian, swarm-founding species Ropalidia romandi was analyzed, showing that the morphological caste differences in this species is non-size based. Statistical methods to analyze the morphological caste differences in social wasps were discussed.(3) Genetical structure in colonies of the swarm-founding species R, romandi was examined, showing that the species practices the cyclic oligogyny. The Sulawesian species, R. plebeja, was shown to have nearly solitary life. Micro-satellite primer for an Australian species R.plebeiana was developed - the species is known to make huge aggregation of colonies.(4) Details of structure of unenveloped nests were comparatively examined, and the adaptive aspects in the nest structure were discussed.(5) Using morphological and behavioral characters, relationships of species in Ropalidia were analyzed cladistically. A total of 30 species groups were recognized, with the R. loriana-group being the sister group of the monophyletic groups consisting of the remaining 29 species groups. Samples for DNA sequences were accumulated to cover all the 30 species group and the COI and 16SrRNA in 20 species have been sequenced.