Climatic imopact of aerosol,ozone and cloud in the Arctic

本研究项目的目的是研究北极对流层气溶胶的行为、性质和辐射强迫，特别关注“北极雾霾”，以及它们与云形成和表面臭氧消耗（SOD）的相互作用。在国际研究地点的新奥勒松天文台（北纬79度，南纬12度），继1992年以来的长期观测之后，安装了一个新的观测系统，将研究领域扩展到气溶胶-云辐射研究。为此，在原有的垂直指向雷达和微波辐射计的基础上，启动了天空辐射计、微脉冲激光雷达和降水发生传感器系统的遥感。并利用光学粒子计数器、积分风速仪和粒子迁移率分析仪进行了原位测量。在表面臭氧测量的基础上，讨论了超氧化物歧化酶与卤素化学和海盐改性的关系。2000年3月和4月，在斯瓦尔巴群岛附近进行了为期5周的关于北极气溶胶的新德日合作项目“北极对流层气溶胶和辐射研究（ASTAR 2000）”。利用AWI的多尼尔228飞机对气溶胶的物理、化学和光学性质的垂直分布进行了空中观测。用太阳光度计测量消光系数。还对气溶胶进行了现场测量和采样。在朗伊尔城机场进行了19次飞行，飞行时间超过80小时。比较了新奥勒松天文台地面协调遥感和原位测量结果。发射了气球载气溶胶探空仪，并使用系留气球。数据还与SAGE-II卫星测量数据进行了比较。这些数据被用作北极区域气候模式的输入参数，用于计算气溶胶的辐射强迫并研究其气候影响。

The goal of the research project was to investigate the behavior, properties and radiative forcing of tropospheric aerosols in the Arctic with the special focus on the "Arctic Haze", and their interaction to cloud formation and surface ozone depletion (SOD). At the Ny-Alesund observatory (79 N, 12 S), in the international research site, following long term observation since 1992, a new observation system was installed to extend the research field to aerosol-cloud-radiation studies. For the purposes, remote sensing by sky radiometer, micro-pulse lidar and precipitation occurrence sensor system has been started together with originally maintained vertical pointing radar and microwave radiometer. Also, in-situ measurements by optical particle counter, integrating nepherometer and particle mobility analyzer have been made. Continuing the surface ozone measurement, SOD relation to the halogen chemistry and sea-salt modification was discussed. A new German-Japanese cooperative project on aerosols in the Arctic, "Arctic Study of Tropospheric Aerosol and Radiation (ASTAR 2000)", was conducted during 5 weeks in March and April, 2000, in the vicinity of Svalbard. Airborne observations of vertical distribution of physical, chemical and optical properties of aerosols were performed using Dornier 228 aircraft of AWI. Extinction coefficients were measured by sunphotometer. In-situ measurements and sampling of aerosols were also made. 19 flights with more than 80 flight hours were conducted based at Longyearbyen airport. Coordinated remote sensing and in-situ measurements at the surface at Ny-Alesund observatory were compared. Balloon-borne aerosol sondes were launched and tethered balloon was used. Data were also compared with SAGE-II satellite measurements. These data were used as input parameters for an Arctic regional climate model to calculate the radiative forcing of aerosols and study their climatic impact.