Dose Reconstruction and radiation effects in Semipalatinsk

塞米巴拉金斯克核试验场位于哈萨克斯坦共和国境内。在该试验场，前苏联从1949年到1990年进行了约467次原子弹试验。在此之后，许多记者都报道说，有许多病人因辐射而离开实验室。1994年我们研究所重组后，我们小组开始研究其辐射效应。辐射的特点与切尔诺贝利不同，例如塞米巴拉金斯克的辐射剂量很大，但放射性污染很低。他们报告说，多隆的辐射水平为1戈伊。我们得到了科学研究补助金的资助。(A)和（B）从1994年起一直来自教育、科学、体育和文化部。研究内容为：（1）土壤样品和人体器官中钚、铯、铀的测定。(2)牙釉质和砖样外照射剂量学研究。从这些研究中，我们可以证实，生活在这个地区的人实际上是由于核试验而受到辐射的。1999年开始检查甲状腺，发现结节发病率高.同时检测了淋巴细胞染色体畸变，发现微核发生率较高，与0.4戈伊照射相当。染色体畸变有受高LET辐射的倾向。个人剂量由放射医学和生态学研究所估算。特别是从2000年开始，我们开始与广岛大学牙科学校的专家冈本博士一起检查口腔和牙齿的异常。我们发现口腔畸形的发生率很高。我们所有的研究都表明这些区域的发病率很高，因此我们需要继续研究这些异常的原因和机制。

Semipalatinsk nuclear test cite is located in the republic of Kazakhstan. In the test site, atomic bomb experiments were performed by the former Soviet Union about 467 times from 1949 to 1990. After this, many journalists have been reported that there are many patients due to radiation from the experiment. Our group began to study its radiation effects after the reorganization our institute, which was done in 1994. The characteristics of the radiation are different from Chernobyl for example radiation doses are large but contamination from radioactivity is low at Semipalatinsk. They reported that radiation level is an order of 1 Gy at Dolon. We have been funded by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research. (A) and (B) from The Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture continuously from 1994. The contents of the research is that (1) the measurements of Plutonium, Cesium and Uranium in soil samples and in born and organs of people. (2) The dosimetry study of external doses by using tooth enamel samples and brick samples. From these study we could verify that the people living in this area actually exposed due to nuclear experiments. From 1 999 we begun to examine thyroid gland and found that high incidence of nodule. At the same time chromosome aberration in lymphocyte have been examined and also found high incidence of micronucleus, which correspond to the irradiation of 0.4 Gy. The chromosome aberrations have a tendency that they are irradiated with high LET radiation. The individual doses are estimated with the Institute of Radiation Medicine and Ecology. Especially we began to examine the abnormality of mouth and tooth with the specialist Dr. Okamoto of dental school, Hiroshima University from 2000. We found high incidence of mouth abnormality. All of our study indicates high incidence in these area, therefore we much proceed in our study to find causes and mechanism of the abnormalities.