Analysis of the local neural circuit in the central nervous system

1.皮质内的联系进行了检查相结合的细胞内染色与高尔基体样逆行标记的离皮质神经元。在运动皮层，重建的第三层锥体神经元的轴突侧支血管的15.2%或3.8%分别与皮质脊髓或皮质丘脑神经元的树突并置。另一方面，皮质脊髓神经元接受来自皮层各层的大量侧支输入，提示信息汇聚产生运动输出.我们已经开发了腺病毒和辛德毕斯病毒载体，用它们转导神经元以表达膜靶向的绿色荧光蛋白（pGFP）。通过荧光或免疫细胞化学以Golgi-atain方式观察感染的神经元.我们建立了Kv3.1钾通道启动子调控下的pGFP转基因小鼠品系。我们现在正在分析GABA能和丘脑中继神经元表达的特异性。抗囊泡抗体 ...更多信息 γ-谷氨酸转运体（VGluTs）的产生和应用于脑的免疫细胞化学。VGluT 1和VGluT 2分别由皮质锥体神经元和丘脑中继神经元使用。因此，皮质和丘脑兴奋性输入标记VGluT 1和VGluT 2选择性地在大脑皮层和纹状体。通过将这种VGluT免疫染色与上述病毒标记方法相结合，我们现在正在研究有多少皮质和丘脑输入进入皮质或纹状体神经元。我们报道了第三条离纹状体通路，其特征是神经激肽B的表达和向无名质（SI）的投射。部分γ-氨基丁酸能神经元投射到大脑皮层，并表达神经因子B受体。由于纹状体-无名神经元释放的神经激肽B对GABA能无名皮层神经元有易化作用，第三条通路可能通过这些无名皮层神经元控制皮层活动。少

1. Intracortical connections were examined by combining intracellular staining with Golgi-like retrograde labeling of corticofugal neurons. In the motor cortex, 15.2% or 3.8% of varicosities of axon collaterals of the reconstructed layer III pyramidal neurons were apposed to dendrites of corticospinal or corticothalamic neurons, respectively. On the other hand, corticospinal neurons received many collateral inputs from all the cortical layers, suggesting the convergence of information to produce motor output.2. We have developed adenovirus and Sindbis virus vectors, with which neurons were transduced to express membrane-targeted green fluorescent protein (pGFP). The infected neurons were visualized by fluorescence or immunocytochemistry in a Golgi-atain fashion.3. We developed a transgenic mouse line which produce pGFP under a control of Kv3.1 potassium channel promoter. We are now analyzing the specificity of expression in GABAergic and thalamic relay neurons.4. Antibodies to vesicula … More r glutamate transporters (VGluTs) were produced and applied to immunocytochemistry of the brain. VGluT1 and VGluT2 were used by cortical pyramidal neurons and thalamic relay neurons, respectively. Cortical and thalamic excitatory inputs were thus labeled with VGluT1 and VGluT2 selectively in the cerebral cortex and striatum. By combining this VGluT immunostaining with the viral labeling method described above, we are now investigating how many cortical and thalamic inputs enter a cortical or striatal neuron.5. We reported a third striatofugal pathway, which were characterized by the expression of neurokinin B and projection to the substantia innominata (SI). Some GABAergic SI neurons were found to project to the cerebral cortex and express receptor for neurokin B. Since neurokinin B released from striato-innominatal neurons induced facilitatory effects on the GABAergic innominatocortical neurons, the third pathway may control the cortical activity through those innominatocortical neurons. Less