Anthropological Study of African Topical stain Forest as Hunan Habitat

刚果盆地覆盖着世界上最大的热带雨林之一。在过去的几十年里，这些广阔的森林地区以惊人的速度被砍伐，这威胁着生活在森林里的当地人民的生活和文化。因此，迫切需要保护支撑着当地人民生活的森林。本研究旨在从文化生态学、历史生态学和政治生态学的角度，对喀麦隆、加蓬等地的狩猎采集者和流耕者对森林环境的认知和利用进行研究。根据实地调查结果，分析了正在进行的保护项目对当地人民的影响，以及他们对保护项目的看法和反应。(1)通过对喀麦隆巴卡狩猎采集者对动植物资源的利用、土地利用和耕作制度的研究表明，如果保持2002年及以前的土地和自然资源利用水平，该地区也可以维持可持续的狩猎采集和耕作制度。(2)从历史生态学的研究来看，中非森林地区已广泛存在人类活动的影响，但如果人类活动维持在2002年及以前的水平，其破坏性并不大。(3)从政治生态学的研究来看，即使在最偏远的森林地区，森林人民的生活也受到经济全球化的影响越来越大；特别是消费经济对森林人民的生活方式产生了深刻的影响。从林产品交换中获得的商品现在已经成为他们生活中不可缺少的东西。这使我们重新考虑正在进行的保护项目，以便它可以允许森林资源用于商业目的，除了用于生存目的。(4)在加蓬和肯尼亚，在保护区附近地区获得了森林利用和对保护项目的看法的比较数据。(5) 2002年在英国和2003年在法国举行的国际学术研讨会以及在日本举行的若干学术会议上发表了部分研究结果。少

The Congo Basin is covered with one of the greatest tropical rain forests in the world. These vast forest areas have been logged at a tremendous rate during the past decades, which is threatening the life and culture of the local peoples living in the forest. There is, therefore, an urgent need for conservation of the forest which has supported the life of the local peoples. This study aims at conducting the research on the cognition and utilization of the forest environments by hunter-gatherers and shifting cultivators in Cameroon, Gabon and other areas from the viewpoints of cultural ecology, historical ecology and political ecology. Based on the findings obtained from the field research, it also analyzes the impacts of ongoing conservation projects on the local peoples and their perceptions of and reactions against the conservation projects.(1) From the research on the utilization of animal and plant resources by the Baka hunter-gatherers in Cameroon, and land use and farming system … More s of the shifting cultivators in the same area, it is suggested that, if the levels of land and natural resource uses in the years of 2002 and before are maintained, sustainable hunting-gathering and shifting cultivation systems in the area may also be maintained.(2) From the research in historical ecology, human impacts have been extensively found in the forest areas in central Africa, but they are not very destructive if the impacts remain at the levels in years 2002 and before.(3) From the study of political ecology, the life of the forest peoples has been put under increasing influences of economic globalization even in the remotest parts of the forest; in particular, consumer economy is posing a profound impact on the lifestyle of the forest peoples. The commodities obtained from the exchange of forest products have now become indispensable to their life. This leads us to reconsider the ongoing conservation project, so that it may allow forest resource uses for commercial purposes, in addition to the use for subsistence purposes.(4) In Gabon and Kenya, comparative data of forest uses and perceptions of conservation projects were obtained in the area adjacent to the protected areas.(5) Parts of these results were presented at the international symposia held in UK in 2002 and in France in 2003, as well as at several academic conferences held in Japan. Less