The Origin of Ancient States in Mesoamerica : Ideology and Polity Materialized at the Moon Pyramid, Teotihuacan

为了了解这座规划中的古城的国家意识形态、政治结构和城市化进程，墨西哥特奥蒂瓦坎的主要纪念碑之一月亮金字塔被密集挖掘。作为与墨西哥国家人类学和历史研究所的一个联合项目，我们在2000年和2001年夏天进行了为期三个月的实地考察。对所获得的材料进行记录和分析，输入信息，绘制水墨画和其他实验室工作一直在爱知县大学和特奥蒂瓦坎的当地研究中心进行，我们几乎所有出土的材料都储存在那里。我们对月亮金字塔核心的隧道挖掘发现，金字塔有七个建筑阶段(命名为一到七个)，每个阶段都重叠在前一个阶段之上，还有三个墓葬建筑群，分别与第四、第五和第六阶段相关，称为墓葬2、3和4。2000年在月球金字塔中心附近发现的4号墓地，由17个被斩首的人头组成，没有任何祭品。2001年至2002年，在金字塔顶部附近挖掘的一条新隧道发现了第5^TH大楼的上层。在结束2002年的田野调查时，我们还在这一上层发现了可能的寺庙或圣坛的其余部分和两个墓坑，因此我们计划在2002-2003年的季节探索墓葬。在金字塔周围挖掘了战壕和坑，以便在整个城市的背景下在时间和空间上定位月亮金字塔。因此，纪念碑的漫长修改过程现在得到了充分的理解；这个过程似乎反映了国家政治的扩张，墓葬的内容也代表了国家的意识形态和政府的特点。特别强调了祭祀仪式和军事制度的重要性，认为这是国家形成和转型的根本因素。

The Moon Pyramid, one of the main monuments in Teotihuacan, Mexico, was intensively excavated in order to understand the state ideology, the political structure, and the urbanization process of this planned ancient city. As a joint project with the Mexican National Institute of Anthropology and History, we carried out three-month fieldwork during the summer of 2000 and 2001. The recording and analyses of the materials obtained, input of the information, ink-drawing, and other laboratory works have been taking place at the Aichi Prefectural University and the local research center in Teotihuacan, where we store virtually all excavated materials. Our tunnel excavation into the core of the Moon Pyramid revealed that there were seven architectural stages (named one to seven), each one superimposed above its earlier one, and that there were three burial complexes, called Burial 2, 3, and 4, which were associated with the fourth, fifth, and sixth stages respectively. Burial 4, discovered near the center of the Moon Pyramid in 2000, was composed of 17 human heads decapitated without any offering. A new tunnel excavated near the top of the pyramid in 2001-2002 uncovered the upper floor of the 5^<th> building. We also found the rest of possible temple or alter and two burial pits on this upper floor when we were concluding the 2002 fieldwork, therefore we plan to explore the burials in 2002-2003 season. Trenches and pits were excavated around the perimeter of the pyramid in order to temporally and spatially locate the Moon Pyramid in its city-wide context. As a result, the long modification process of the monument is now fully understood ; the process appears to have reflected expanding state politics, and the contents of the burials would have represented the state ideology and characteristics of its government as well. Particularly the importance of sacrificial rituals and military institutions was stressed as a fundamental factor of the state formation and transformation.