Sociological Research Concerned with Entrepreneurial Spirit and Money Consciousness in Modern Japan

对于日本来说，从近代开始，考虑在更广泛的社会中，金钱意识和经济伦理是如何形成和变化的，是很有趣的。围绕这一主题，当前的调查将其分析的目光集中在经济精英的生活环境和前景的社会和历史背景上。在明治维新后的近代化进程中，日本的金钱意识和经济伦理发生了根本性的变化。在这些变化中起主要作用的是推动新时期工业化的经济精英。通过各种媒体，他们的消费和经济活动所产生的价值观被积极地作为指导原则呈现给公众。在这些叙述中，某些企业家和经济行动模式被强烈提倡为值得效仿的理想类型。要理解近代日本的金钱意识和经济伦理，离不开对经济精英生活环境的认识、分析和论证。本研究暂时盘点了从明治时代到大正到战前昭和的生活环境。该分析还考虑了经济精英周围的商业活动范围之外的社会环境如何影响他们的行为。具体来说，本研究讨论了以下几点：1。在明治时代，被称为“绅士”（shinshi）的精英群体在富裕的社会阶层中获得社会认可的过程。2 .杂志等媒体对富裕阶层和经济精英的形象类型。经济精英制定的商业意识形态类型，以及被视为财务成功指标的东西；此外，个体为提高其在同伴中的社会声望而采取的策略。经济新闻对提高经济精英的社会地位和商业的社会声望做出贡献的方式。少

For Japan it is interesting to consider how, in wider society, money consciousness and economic ethics were formed and have changed since the beginning of the modern era. Taking up this theme, the current inquiry concentrates its analytical gaze on the social and historical background of the life circumstances and outlook of the economic elite.During the modernization that took place after the Meiji Restoration, money consciousness and economic ethics in Japan underwent radical alteration. Playing a main role in these changes were the economic elite who promoted industrialization in the new era. Through various media, values arising from their spending and economic activities were actively presented as guiding principles to the general public. In these accounts, certain entrepreneurs and modes of economic action were strongly advocated as ideal types worthy of emulation. The money consciousness and economic ethics of modern Japan cannot be understood without knowledge, analysis, and di … More scussion of the life circumstances of the economic elite. This study provisionally takes stock of life circumstances from the Meiji Era through Taisho to prewar Showa. The analysis also takes into consideration how social circumstances beyond the sphere of business activities surrounding the economic elite influenced their behavior. Concretely, this study discusses the points listed below.1. The kinds of process that were involved during the Meiji Era in gaining social recognition for the elite group, known as "gentlemen" (shinshi), of the affluent social strata.2. The types of image presented by magazines and other media of the affluent strata and the economic elite.3. The types of business ideology formulated by the economic elite and the things held to be indicators of financial success ; moreover, the strategies that individuals deployed to raise their social prestige among their peers.4. The ways in which economic journalism contributed to raising the social standing of the economic elite and the social prestige of business. Less