A syuthetic study on the Astronomical Diaries from Babylon

首先，取走了巴比恩的《天文日记》中描述的原始日期。例如，价格的短期波动很大；要理解这一点，就必须研究价格的长期波动。其次，我在日记中画出了大麦、枣、芥末、水芹、芝麻和羊毛的价格，以便更容易地掌握长期波动。对于这样的数据，过于零散和多年的间歇，采取了以下方法：1.一个月的数据的“中位数”表示当月的值，即一个月中有两个或多个数据；2.一年的中位数代表该年的中位数；3.十年的中位数代表该十年的中位数。此外，y轴使用对数标度，在古代近东经济研究中很少使用表示法。第三，对《日记》中所描述的物价、天气和幼发拉底河水位之间的关系进行了初步的个案研究；公元前1世纪下半叶，商品价格上涨的时期大致对应于幼发拉底河洪水狂欢较低的时期，而这段时期的降雨似乎是正常的。最后，对盖勒最近提出的关于最后一个边缘的假说进行了批判性的分析；他的断言，即Graeco-Babyloniaca德克萨斯写于公元前1世纪，甚至公元2世纪或3世纪，没有根据；一个古地理研究导致的结论是，这些文本中的希腊文字类似于Avroman羊皮纸1号和2号，都写在公元前1世纪。

First, the raw date depicted in the Astronomical Diaries from Babyon were picked up. The short term fluctuation of prices, for example, are great; to understand this is necessary to study the long term fluctuation of those.Second, I graphed the prices of barley, date, mustard, cress, sesame and wool in the Diaries to grasp easily the long term fluctuation. For data like these, too fragmentary and many hiatuses of years, the method below was taken; 1. The "median" value of data in a month represensts the value of the month, when two or more data exists in a month; 2. the median value in a year represents that of the year; and 3. the median value in a decade represents that of the decade. Moreover, the logarithmic scale is used for the y-axis; the method of presentation was seldom used so far in the studies of the Ancient Near Eastern Economy.Third, a preliminary case study on the relation between fluctuation of prices, weather and the level of the Euphrates, all depicted in the Diaries, was made; in the second half of the 1st century B.C., the period when the prices of commodities raised roughly corresponds the period when the flood revel of the Euphrates was lower, while rainfall seems to have been normal during the period.Last, a recent hypothesis on "the Last Wedge" presented by Gelller was analyzed critically; his assertion, that the Graeco-Babyloniaca texs were written in the 1st, and even 2nd or 3rd, centuris A.D., do not have grounds; a palaeographical study leads the conclusion that the greek scripts in these texts resembles those in the Avroman Parchments Nos.1 and 2, both written in the 1st century B.C.