American Populism and Free Labor Ideology

本项目的一贯目的是验证起源于19世纪初美国的自由劳动意识形态构成了19世纪后期民粹运动的主题之一。在我们的第一步，我们探索了验证上述假设的分析方法，并将其结果发表在一篇文章中，“罗伯特·h·韦博的转向民粹主义”和“罗伯特·h·韦博与民主”。在第二步，我们试图掌握战后美国的鸟瞰图，并在《了解美国历史》60章中的第33章和第34章中发表了结果。在最后阶段，我们分析了从美国档案馆和图书馆收集的原始资料，并将其结果发表在一篇文章中，“民粹主义和土地改革：美国民粹主义的起源，第一部分”。总之，我们成功地验证了我们在项目开始时提出的假设。也就是说，自由劳动意识形态作为一股潜流贯穿了整个内战时期的劳工运动，并飞入了1892年民粹主义者的奥马哈纲领的纲领中。

The consistent purpose of this project is to verify that free labor ideology, which had originated in early nineteenth century America comprised one of the keynotes of the Populist Movement in the late nineteenth century. To carry out the verification, we put focus on how farmers' movements and labor movements dealt with land problem, or how they intersected so called Land Reform movement as possessing land meant a vital key concept of free labor ideology.At our first step, we probed the analytical method to verify the above hypothesis and published its findings in an article, "Robert H. Wiebe's Turning to Populist" and "Robert H. Wiebe and Democracy."At our second step, we tried to grasp the eye-bird view of the post-bellum America and published its result in chapter33, and 34 of 60 Chapters for Understanding American History.At our final stage, we analyzed original sources collected at US archives and libraries and published its result in an article, "Populism and Land Reform: The Origins of American Populism, Part1."In conclusion, we successfully verified our hypothesis we had proposed at the beginning of our project. That is, free labor ideology persisted as an undercurrent of the labor movements through the Civil War and flew into the land plank of the Populist's Omaha Platform of 1892.