Establishment process of Chashi and Fortified Settlement Sites in Northeast Asia and their environmental change

本研究的目的是重新考察阿伊努文化时期的查希的起源，弄清其建立过程，并通过对遗存和遗存材料的位置条件的比较，具体考察查希如何被置于东北亚地区。并试图弄清平安海侵期后的环境变化（世纪两个温暖的气候时期）和察师建立过程的整个方面，以及环境变化对人口迁移的影响。本研究概述如下，并将在本报告中进行总结。1.两个设防定居点（东北地区南部的萨摩文化和哈吉陶器文化的筑垒聚落遗址）和鄂霍次克文化的北方筑垒聚落和护城河艾德聚落，在这些聚落遗址的形成背景中，有平安海侵时期的气候影响 ...更多信息 阿伊努文化的查希是由聚落和堡垒分离而成的。3.作为查希向北海道、库页岛和千岛群岛地区扩散的一个因素，15 - 16世纪一个小暖期的气候变化影响了查希的形成，4.阿伊努文化的查什与欧亚大陆的戈罗季什查（山地和平地城堡）和堪察加半岛的奥斯特罗古的发展密切相关。在世纪，人们认为大陆和库页岛之间有着密切的联系，而在16 - 18世纪世纪，查希与包括堪察加在内的千岛群岛有着密切的联系。护城河和土方工程以及护城河的艾德定居点。在这项研究中，作者阐明了形成前，历史文化和古环境等方面进行了深入的研究，但仍有许多问题尚不清楚，笔者希望继续深入调查，不断收集资料，了解尚未解决的问题。少

The aim of this study is to reinvestigate the origin of Chashi in the Ainu Culture Period and make clear the establishment process, and investigates concretely how Chashi can be placed in Northeast Asia by comparing the conditions of location of remains and remnant materials. Furthermore the author intended to make clear environmental changes after the Heian Transgression Period (two warm climate periods of 8th and 10th century) and the whole aspect of establishment process of Chashi, and how environmental change affected to the immigration of people.The outline of this study is as follows and it will be summarized in this report.1.Two Fortified Settlement Sites (southern Fortified Settlement Sites of Satsumon Culture and Haji ware Culture in Tohoku region) and northern earthworks and moat'ed settlements of Okhotsk Culture were present and in the formation background of these Settlement Sites there was climatic influence from Heian transgression period.2.From the existence of Fortified … More Settlement Sites and earthworks and moat'ed settlements, it became evident that Chashi of Ainu Culture was formed by separation of Settlements and forts.3.As a factor of dispersion of Chashi into regions of Hokkaido, Sakhalin and Kurile Islands, the fact that climatic change of a small warm period during 15th -16th century influenced, is pointed out.4.Chashi of Ainu Culture is closely related together with the development of Gorodishcha (mountain and flat castles) in the Eurasia Continent and Ostrogu of Kamchatka. Strong relationship was expected between the Continent and Sakhalin during 10th -15th century, and during 16th -18th century Chashi was closely linked to Kurile Islands including Kamchatka.5.In this study a database including these Chashi, Fortified Settlement Sites, moats and earthworks and moat'ed settlements is made out.In this study the author clarified the relation between the people who formed pre-historical cultures and paleoenvironment, but many unclear problems are left, and the author wish to continue the investigation and collect more data successively and understand unsolved problems. Less