Gravitational Lensing effects on various Cosmological Observations and the determination of Cosmological Parameters

我们提出了一种利用强引力透镜系统测量宇宙常数的新方法。将该方法应用于2001年5月由斯巴鲁望远镜观测到的HST14176+5226，结果有力地证明了非零宇宙常数的存在。我们还表明，该方法对确定真空能量的时间变异性也是有用的。我们首次将Minkowski泛函应用于宇宙剪切场，并证明该方法比以前的方法更准确地确定了宇宙的平均密度。我们还研究了光在现实非均匀宇宙中的详细传播行为，并从宇宙学观测中获得了确定宇宙模型的基本数据。我们提出了一种方法来证实暗星团的存在，该暗星团是我们利用哈勃太空望远镜的数据，利用宇宙微波背景的引力散射发现的。我们研究了宇宙大尺度结构对宇宙微波背景辐射的透镜效应。我们特别指出，在未来的观测中，热点对两点相关函数的影响是可以测量的，密度波动幅度的信息是由密度参数独立获得的。

We have proposed a new method to measure the cosmological constant using strong gravitational lens systems. The method if applied for HST14176+5226 observed by Subaru telescope in May, 2001 and the observation strongly suggests the existence of non-zero cosmological constant. We hove also shown that the method is also useful to determine the time variability of the vacuum energy.We apply for the first time the Minkowski functional to the cosmic shear field and show that the method determines the mean density of the universe more accurately than previous methods. We have also investigated detailed behavior of light propagation in realistic inhomogeneous universe and obtained basic date which is used to determine the model of the universe from the cosmological observation.We have proposed a method to confirm the existence of the dark cluster which we have discovered using the date of Hubble space telescope using gravitational scattering of the cosmic microwave background. We have examined lensing effects by large scale structure of the universe on the cosmic microwave background. In particular we have pointed out that the effect on the two-point correlation function of hot spots will be measurable in the future observations and the information of the amplitude of the density fluctuation is obtained independently with the density parameter.