Studies on inter-and intra-molecular copigmentation for breeding of bluer flower varieties

从紫薇花中分离鉴定了微量花色苷锦葵素3，5-二葡萄糖苷（Mv 3G 5G）和鞣花酸5（或5 '）-葡萄糖苷（EA 5G）。EA 5G分别与锦葵素和飞燕草素的3-糖苷（Mv 3G和Dp 3G）和Mv 3G 5G形成辅色素复合物。EA 5G对Mv 3G 5G的增蓝效应最大，对Mv 3G的增蓝效应大于Dp 3G，说明黄酮、黄酮醇与花色苷的比值（F/A）是影响瓜伊拉和半边莲花色由紫色向紫蓝色变化的主要因素。分离鉴定了瓜伊拉属植物中的山萘酚3-鼠李糖苷（Km 3GR）和半边莲属植物中的芹菜素和毛地黄素7-鼠李糖苷（Ap 7 GR和Lu 7 GR）。Km 3GR对瓜菜中主要花色苷瓜菜素有增蓝作用，而Ap 7 GR对半边莲中主要花色苷半边莲素A无增蓝作用。

Malvidin 3,5-diglucoside(Mv3G5G) as minor anthocyanin and Ellagic acid 5(or 5')-glucoside(EA5G) were isolated and identified from purple flowers of crape myrtle. EA5G formed copigment complexes with 3-glucosides of malvidin and delphinidin (Mv3G and Dp3G), which are major anthocyanins in this plant, and Mv3G5G respectively. The largest bluer effect of EA5G showed with Mv3G5G, and this component had larger effect with Mv3G than Dp3G.It was elucidated that flavone, flavonol content to anthocyanin(F/A) was a primary factor for flower color variations from purple to purplish-blue in cineraria or Lobelia. Kaempferol 3-rhamnoglucoside(Km3GR) from cineraria, apigenin and luteolin 7-rhamnoglucosides(Ap7GR and Lu7GR) from lobelia were isolated and identified. Km3GR caused bluer effect to cinerarin, main anthocyanin in cineraria, but Ap7GR did not induce bluer change of Lobelinin A, lobelia main anthocyanin, in this experiment.