Immunocytochemical Study of the Functional Development and Differentiation in the Photoreceptor Organs of Fishes

(1)在玻璃鳗鱼和鲫鱼幼体的视网膜中，在视锥外节、视杆内节、光感受器核上撕裂区和外网状层均有极强的牛磺酸免疫染色。在光适应状态下，视杆细胞外节未见免疫染色，而在暗适应状态下，视杆细胞外节呈强免疫染色。因此，我们认为视杆外段的免疫反应缺失可能与光刺激有关。此外，还讨论了牛磺酸在鱼类视网膜中的免疫细胞化学定位及其可能的功能。用组织学和免疫细胞化学方法研究了日本鳗、近海鳗鱼、江鳗和迁徙成鳗视网膜视杆感光细胞的增殖情况。我们发现外核…中的核总数的比率增加了对费河鳗鱼外、内核层的增殖细胞核抗原(增殖细胞核抗原)免疫反应阳性细胞进行检测。结果表明，杆状感光细胞在鳗鱼视网膜中终生处于增殖状态。(3)用光镜、电子显微镜和免疫细胞化学方法对牙鲆发育、成熟和/或成体视网膜进行观察。在变态和幼年视网膜的外核层或祖细胞中发现了大量可能的前体和/或祖细胞。此外，在成体和/或成体视网膜的外核层可见大量的增殖细胞核抗原免疫反应阳性细胞。这些发现表明，杆状光感受器细胞在左眼比目鱼成熟的视网膜中增殖，可能是由于它们的视觉栖息地从表面到底层发生了戏剧性的变化。较少

(1) In the retinas of the glass eel Anguilla japonica and the young goldfish Carassius auratus, extremely intense immunostaining of taurine was found in the cone outer segments, rod inner segments, photoreceptor supranuctear region and outer plexifom layer. The rod outer segments were not immunostained in the light-adapted state, while they were intensely immunostained in the dark-adapted state. Consequently, it was suggested that the lack of immunoreactivity in the rod outer segment may depend on light stimulation. In addition, the conspicuous immunocytochemical localization of taurine was discussed with the possible fonctional rotes for taurine in the fish retina.(2.) The proliferation of rod photoreceptor cells was investigated in the retina of Japanese eel, elvers from the coastal sea, adults from the river, and migrating adults from the ocean by means of histological and immunocylochemical methods. We found an increase in the ratio between the total nuclear number in the outer nuc … More lear layer and the number of cone cells, and in the number of rod outer segment layers (including inner segments), and examined PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen)-immunoreactive cells in the outer and inner nuclear layers in adult eel from fee river. The results suggested that rod photoreceptor cells proliferate in the eel retina throughout the life.(3) Developing, mature and/or adult retinae of the lefteye flounder Paralichthys olivaceus were examined by means of light- and electron microscopic and immunocytochemical methods. A great number of putative precursors and/or progenitors were found in or progenitors the outer nuclear layer of the metamorphosing and juvenile retinae. In addition, a tremendous number of PCNA-immunoreactive cells were demonstrated in the outer nuclear layer in mature and/or adult retinae. These findings suggested that rod photoreceptor cells proliferate in the mature retina of lefteye flounder, perhaps due to the dramatic change in their visual habitats from the surface to the bottom waters. Less