Practical study into the prevention of housebound elderly living in community

本研究从生理、心理和社会三个方面对该地区居家独居老人的特征进行分析，以掌握他们的真实情况。2000年1 ~ 2月，由公共卫生护士对爱知县T市70岁以上独居老人进行实地访谈。163名老年人参与了本次调查。调查内容为基本属性、居住环境、健康状况、日常生活活动（ADL）、生活行为等。本研究从“不出门”和“不与他人交流”两个角度对居家老人进行分析。因此，在所有参与调查的人中，每天不出门的比例为8.6%，不与他人交流的比例为10.5%。此外，从外出和交流的角度，提出了以下几点是居家老年人的共同影响因素。他们是：视力障碍，不能做家务，如做饭，洗衣和清洁，自我评价较低的健康状况，在过去一年中跌倒的经历，以及没有长期计划。从外出的角度来看，意识到精神抑郁是一个与足不出户的老年人密切相关的问题，作为男性、住在住宅小区、没有定期到医疗机构检查、没有生活目标或享受被选为与交流密切相关的问题。通过本研究，从外出和沟通两个角度明确居家老人的差异。从现在开始，建议根据每个居家病例的实际情况，考虑所提供的服务和如何参与。

In this study, the characteristics of the housebound elderly living in solitude in the area from the physical, psychological and social aspects have been looked into in order to grasp their reality.Field interviews by public health nurses were conducted for the elderly over the age of 70living alone in T City in Aichi Prefecture from January 〜 February 2000. There were 163 elderly who cooperated in this survey. The contents of the survey were, basic attributes, living environment, health condition, activities of daily living (ADL), living behavior and such. In this study, the housebound elderly was analyzed from two perspectives, "Not going out of the house" and "No communication with others".As a result, the percentage of those who did not go out of the house on a daily basis was 8.6% and those who did not communicate with others was 10.5% out of all those who participated in the survey. Furthermore, the following points were brought up as common, contributing factors of the housebound elderly from perspectives of going out and communication. They were, visual impairment, inability to perform housework such as cooking, laundry and cleaning, low self-rated health, experience of fall in the past year, and having had no long-term plan. Awareness of mental depression was brought up as an issue strongly related to the housebound elderly from the perspective of going out, and being male, living in a housing complex, having no regular check-ups at a medical institution and having no purpose or enjoyment in life were chosen as issues strongly related to the aspect of communication. Through this study, differences of the housebound elderly were made clear by two perspectives, going out and communication. The necessity for considering the services to be offered and how to get involved according to the reality of each housebound case was suggested from now on.