Cognitive Neuropsychological Evaluation of functions of attention, memory and execution of children with learning disabilities.

采用智力测验、WISC测验和K-ABC测验对学习障碍儿童的信息加工特性进行了研究。这些测试难以在任务中检测执行过程，因此需要开发执行过程评估系统。还需要心理生理学研究来阐明智力测试任务所评估的大脑功能的细节。特别是，在学习障碍儿童表现出困难的任务中，需要个人支持的方法。本研究考察了以下几点：(1)开发了注意、记忆和执行功能的测量系统，收集了正常儿童的标准数据。该系统能够评估有学习障碍的儿童的认知特性。(2)在个人支持方法方面，我们开发了促进汉字书写的方法，这是许多学习障碍儿童存在的困难。(3)对于记忆和执行功能的评价方法，我们研究了测量近红外光的有效性，近红外光反映了脑内血流的体积变化。对于执行执行和语言任务的成年受试者，测量并讨论了与前额皮质功能的关系。以上结果表明，本研究开发的执行记忆功能评价系统是有效的。该系统可用于课堂教育领域。在辅助系统方面，为小学生开发了汉字书写促进电脑软件。发现K-ABC任务与前额皮质血流量变化之间存在功能关系。这一事实表明对学习任务执行过程的心理生理评价是有效的。

Properties of information processing of children with learning disabilities have been examined by the tests of intelligence, WISC and K-ABC. These tests are difficult to examine executive process during the task In this respect, development of evaluating systems of executive process is needed. Psychophysiological study is also needed to clarify details of brain functions which were evaluated by the task of tests of intelligence. Especially, method of individual support is needed for the tasks, in which children with learning disabilities show difficulty.The present study examined following points ;(1) We developed the measuring system of attention, memory, and executive function and collected standard data of normal children. The system is able to assess cognitive properties of children with leaming disabilities.(2) Regarding the method of individual support, we developed the method of promoting the writing of Kanji, for which many children with learning disabilities show difficulty.(3) For the method of evaluating memory and executive function, we studied effectiveness of measuring near infrared light which reflects volume change of blood flow in the brain. For adult subjects who perform executive and verbal tasks, change of blood flow was measured and discussed in relation to the function prefrontal cortex.From above results, evaluating system of execution and memory function, developed in the present study, was found to be effective. This system is available for use in the classroom field of education. Regarding the support system, computer-soft of promotion of writing Kanji was developed for children of elementally school. Functional relationship was found between tasks of K-ABC and the change of blood flow of prefrontal cortex.This fact indicates validity of psychophysiological evaluation of executive process during the learning tasks.