Developing Teaching materials of Soil Moisture Visulization and Irrigation Support System for Cultivation Environmental Education

灌溉是培养人才的基础之一，在实践教学中，对学生的灌溉制度进行指导是非常重要的。因此，我试图开发实用的培训材料，让学生科学地掌握合适的灌溉制度。在不同的条件下种植了几种作物。测定了不同灌溉条件下的土壤水分、气温、土壤温度、太阳辐射等灌溉指标，研究了不同灌溉条件对作物生长、产量和品质的影响。用张力计测量土壤吸力，用TDR和电容法测量土壤体积含水率。张力计方法需要补充水分，而TDR和电容法易于操作，使正确和精确的测量成为可能。以玉米、萝卜和菠菜为试材，研究了灌水频率对作物生长发育的影响。随着灌溉频率的减少，土壤水分下降，d…所有作物的出苗时间都较长，玉米和萝卜的生长情况比菠菜差。在不同灌水频率和垄沟形成条件下种植甘薯。生长前期土壤水分较高，后期土壤水分较低，块根产量较高。在垄形相同的情况下，覆膜与不覆膜游乐设施的土壤水分变化不大，但覆膜高梁的产量较高。在不同灌水时间条件下，将洋葱分别灌入低垄沟和高垄沟。在鳞茎开始膨大之前，在频繁灌溉的高垄上产量变高。但继续淹水后，根面积增加，产量下降。因此，土壤水分取决于灌溉周期和频率以及垄沟形成的条件，这在很大程度上影响了作物的生长、产量和质量。这可作为作物生产实训的有效教材，用于实践栽培环境教育。较少

It is important to guide irrigation regimes to students in practice education as irrigation is one of the basics in cultivation. Thus, I tried to develop practical training materials to have students grasp appropriate irrigation regimes in a scientific method. Several kinds of crops were cultivated under different conditions. Irrigation indexes of soil moisture, air and soil temperature, solar radiation for each irrigation condition were measured to investigate the influence exerted on the growth, yield, and quality of the crops. Soil moisture suction was measured by a tensiometer and soil volumetric water content was measured by TDR and capacitance methods. Water needed to be replenished for the tensiometer method whereas TDR and capacitance methods were easy to handle and made correct and precise measurement possible. Corn, Japanese radish and spinach were used to investigate the influence of irrigation frequency. When irrigation frequency decreased, soil moisture decreased and the d … More elay of emergence was observed with all the crops and the growth of corn and Japanese radish was worse than spinach. Sweet potatoes were grown under different irrigation frequency and ridge formation. When soil moisture was kept high in the early stage of growth and then kept low in the latter stage, the tuberous root yield increased. As far as the form of the ridge was the same, soil moisture did not change between rides with and without mulch, but the yields were higher on the high ridge with mulch. Onions were grown under different irrigation time by flooding to the furrow of both low and high ridges. The yield became high on the high ridge with frequent irrigation before scaly bulb enlargement began. However, the root area was aggravated and the yield decreased when flooding continued thereafter. Thus, soil moisture depends on the conditions of irrigation period and frequency, and the ridge formation, which greatly exert the growth, yield, and quality of crops. This can be the effective teaching materials for crop production training for practice cultivation environmental education. Less