Developing Teaching materials of Soil Moisture Visulization and Irrigation Support System for Cultivation Environmental Education

灌溉是耕作的基础之一，在实践教育中对学生进行灌溉制度的指导具有重要意义。因此，我试图开发实用的培训材料，让学生以科学的方法掌握合适的灌溉制度。在不同的条件下种植了几种作物。测定了不同灌溉条件下的土壤水分、空气和土壤温度、太阳辐射等灌溉指标，探讨了对作物生长、产量和品质的影响。用张力仪测定土壤吸湿量，用TDR法和电容法测定土壤体积含水量。张力计法需要补充水，而TDR和电容法易于操作，并且可以进行正确和精确的测量。以玉米、萝卜和菠菜为研究对象，探讨灌溉频率对土壤生长的影响。灌水次数越少，土壤水分越少，出苗期越晚，玉米和萝卜的生长情况比菠菜差。甘薯在不同灌溉频率和垄沟形态下生长。生育前期土壤水分保持较高，后期土壤水分保持较低，块根产量增加。在垄型相同的情况下，有无覆盖对土壤湿度影响不大，但有覆盖的高垄产量较高。在不同的灌溉时间下种植洋葱，将水淹到低垄和高垄的沟里。在鳞茎膨大开始前，频繁灌水的高垄产量较高。但随着淹水的持续，根系面积增大，产量下降。因此，土壤湿度取决于灌溉周期、灌溉频率和垄沟形成的条件，这对作物的生长、产量和品质有很大的影响。这可以作为作物生产培训实践栽培环境教育的有效教材。少

It is important to guide irrigation regimes to students in practice education as irrigation is one of the basics in cultivation. Thus, I tried to develop practical training materials to have students grasp appropriate irrigation regimes in a scientific method. Several kinds of crops were cultivated under different conditions. Irrigation indexes of soil moisture, air and soil temperature, solar radiation for each irrigation condition were measured to investigate the influence exerted on the growth, yield, and quality of the crops. Soil moisture suction was measured by a tensiometer and soil volumetric water content was measured by TDR and capacitance methods. Water needed to be replenished for the tensiometer method whereas TDR and capacitance methods were easy to handle and made correct and precise measurement possible. Corn, Japanese radish and spinach were used to investigate the influence of irrigation frequency. When irrigation frequency decreased, soil moisture decreased and the d … More elay of emergence was observed with all the crops and the growth of corn and Japanese radish was worse than spinach. Sweet potatoes were grown under different irrigation frequency and ridge formation. When soil moisture was kept high in the early stage of growth and then kept low in the latter stage, the tuberous root yield increased. As far as the form of the ridge was the same, soil moisture did not change between rides with and without mulch, but the yields were higher on the high ridge with mulch. Onions were grown under different irrigation time by flooding to the furrow of both low and high ridges. The yield became high on the high ridge with frequent irrigation before scaly bulb enlargement began. However, the root area was aggravated and the yield decreased when flooding continued thereafter. Thus, soil moisture depends on the conditions of irrigation period and frequency, and the ridge formation, which greatly exert the growth, yield, and quality of crops. This can be the effective teaching materials for crop production training for practice cultivation environmental education. Less