An Empirical Study of Globalization and National Identity in Japan

研究结果概述如下：第一年，在日本和美国，收集了各种来源和资源，包括与项目主题有关的数据。结果发现，在日本，人们认为全球化是被动的，而在美国，人们认为全球化只是一种现状。通过对第一年收集到的现有数据进行二次分析，R.Robertson、A.Smith和N.Luhmann等关于全球化和国家认同的现有理论得到了部分否定。根据前一年进行的家长与高中生配对的预测调查结果，采用两阶段分层随机抽样和面对面个人访谈的方法，在全国范围内进行了两次调查。第一次调查是在15至17岁的青年及其父母中进行的 ...更多信息 s（1,400名受访者，700对）以及2,000名20岁以上的成年人。第二次调查的对象是2,400名20岁以上的成年人，父母和子女对全球化和国家认同问题的态度没有明显差异。此外，在比较年轻和年长的受访者时，年长的受访者有更传统的思维方式，并保持了相对较高的国家认同感。让我们将这两个概念分为四个组合，NG，Ng，nG和ng，其中n =低程度的国家认同; N =高程度的国家认同; g =低程度的全球化;研究结果表明，全球化程度高的地区，NG所占比例最高，其次是Ng、nG和NG。这表明，就社会价值而言，日本在所有年龄组中仍然表现出传统的思维方式;在与全球化和民族认同有关的一般问题上，日本没有迅速取得进展。然而，在外语使用、家庭和性别角色的态度、环境问题、工作态度和职业道德等方面，我们可以看到相对高度的全球化。除了我们进行的调查，从跨国的角度讨论和交流想法并获取有关我们项目的信息外，在项目的第一年和第二年，我们的四名研究小组成员访问了澳大利亚、中国和德国的该领域专家。第三年是报告我们的研究成果。少

An outline of the findings of the study is as follows :During the first year, both in Japan and the United States, sources and resources, including data related to the project theme, were collected. As one result, it was found that in Japan people perceive globalization as passive while in the United States people perceive it merely as the status quo.As a result of a secondary analysis of existing data which was collected during the first year, existing theories, such as those of R.Robertson, A.Smith and N.Luhmann, regarding globalization and national identity were partially supported.For the second year, based on the results of the pretest survey of pairings between parents and their respective high school students, which had been conducted during the previous year, two nation-wide surveys were conducted using the two-stage stratified random sampling and face- to-face personal interview methods. The first survey was conducted among youth between 15 and 17 years of age and their parent … More s (1,400 respondents, 700 pairs) as well as among 2,000 adults over 20 years of age. The second survey was carried out among 2,400 adults over 20 years of age.Parents and their respective children did not differ significantly in their attitudes toward the issues related to globalization and national identity. Also, in comparing the younger and older respondents, the older respondents had more traditional ways of thinking and maintained a relatively high degree of national identity. To the contrary, the younger respondents tended to perceive society and the world more globally and in a more modern approach.Let us classify the two concepts into four combinations, NG, Ng, nG, and ng, where n = a low degree of national identity ; N = a high degree of national identity ; g = a low degree of globalization ; and G = a high degree of globalization.Our findings indicated that the ratio of ng is the highest, followed by Ng, nG, and NG. This indicates that so far as social values are concerned, Japan still exhibits a traditional way of thinking among all age groups ; that it is has not progressed rapidly on general issues which relate to globalization and national identity. However, for some issues, such as foreign language usage, attitudes toward family and sex roles, environmental issues and attitudes toward work and the work ethic, we can see a relatively high degree of globalization.In addition to the surveys which we conducted, to discuss and exchange ideas and obtain information regarding our project from a cross-national perspective, four of our research team members visited experts in the field in Australia, China, and Germany during the first and the second years of the project. The third year was spent reporting on the results of our research. Less