Analysis and management of environmental loads caused by large scale disturbance in peatland of Southeast Asia

印度尼西亚加里曼丹分布着大量的热带泥炭，由于开发不规范，采伐不规律，面临着频繁火灾的分解危机。由于火灾产生的CO_2和微生物数量巨大，大气中的CO_2明显增加。因此，我们在这里学习恢复林业，保护被摧毁的泥炭地的泥炭土壤。研究结果如下：(1)环境价值评价1)化学物质与木质素降解动力学研究对泥炭土、河流和湖泊中化学物质的动态变化进行了估算，并对大量样品进行了分析。从泥炭土和木材中分离到大量的白腐菌，其中一些具有降解木质素、多氯联苯、二恶英等的活性。2)热带泥炭林小气候观测1)喀兰潘干天然林业因开渠而变得更加干燥，2)喀兰潘干焚烧林业也因开渠而变得更加干燥，3)塞蒂亚·阿拉姆自然实验室，保持自然条件。(2)区域管理系统1)森林恢复由于Shorea Balangeran和S.selanica在泥炭土壤中表现出较高的复存率和良好的生长，我们将这些物种用于中加里曼丹Palamgka Raya附近被破坏的泥炭地的恢复2)人类维度计划对环境保护非常重要的环境教育。我们开发环境教育项目，然后教育学生和地区居民。此外，我们还开发了一个区域居民恢复和保护泥炭地的综合模式。

Huge amount of tropical peat distribute in Kalimantan, Indonesia, which face a crisis of decomposition by frequent fire because of unruly development and irregular logging. As CO_2 by fire and microorganisms are tremendously, it is observed CO_2 increase in atmosphere clearly. Therfore, we have studied here to rehabilitate forestry and to conserve peat soil in devastated peat land. Obtained results are as follows.(1)Estimation of environmental values1)Dynamics of chemical compounds and lignin degradationDynamics of chemical compounds was estimated in peat soil, river, and lake, for which many samples were analyzed. Many number of white rot fungi was isolated from peat soil and wood, some of which have activity to degradation lignin, PCB, Dioxin, so on.2)Observation of microclimate in tropical peat forestryMicroclimate and CO_2 flux were observed at 1)Natural forestry in Kalampangan, which became more dry by affecting on canal digging,2)Burned forestry in Kalampangan, which also became more dry by affecting on canal digging, and 3)Natural laboratory in Setia Alam, which is kept natural condition. We found that disturbed forestry became now carbon source because of low photosynthesis and peat decomposition by microorganisms, which is first finding in the world.(2)Region management system1)Forestry rehabilitationAs Shorea balangeran and S.selanica show high revival ratio and good growth in peat soil, we used these species for rehabilitation in devastated peat land near Palamgka Raya in Central Kalimantan.2)Human Dimension ProgramIt is very important environmental education for environmental conservation. We develop environmental education program, then teach school students and regional inhabitants. Also we develop an integrated model on rehabilitation and conservation of peat land by the regional inhabitants.