A study of External Activation Slips by Repeated Naturalistic Observation

外部激活（数据驱动）滑动是Norman（1981）分类的一种动作滑动。该研究项目的目的是确定驾驶时外部激活卡瓦的操作定义，并开发识别卡瓦的观测方法。四项观察性研究分别是：(1)在频繁左转的交叉口停车时的错误偏离；(2)左转时的信号行为；(3)黄昏时与对面车道的人保持一致的开灯行为；(4)遇到无视红灯的违章骑自行车者时的车速控制。虽然根据意图来定义动作滑移，但很难当场识别驾驶员的意图。相反，错误是通过重复的自然观察以两种方式确定的。其一是司机的行为是否恰当。另一个是该行为是否偏离了司机的行为习惯。刺激和反应的相容性是确定外部激活滑移的关键。为了评估刺激是否有效，有必要开发确定图式状态及其激活水平的方法。自然观察是一种有贡献的方法，但在区分外部激活滑移和描述错误方面存在局限性。

External activation (data driven) slip is the one of the action slips which Norman (1981) categorized. The purpose of this was research project to determine the operational definition of external activation slips while driving automobiles and to develop the observational method to identify the slips. Four observational studies were conducted about (1) faulty departures when stopping at the intersection where the drivers turned left frequently, (2) signaling behavior when turning left, (3) switch-on-light behavior at dusk conforming to others in the opposite lanes, and (4) drivers' speed control when meeting the illegal cyclists who neglect the red signal.Although action slip is defined referring to the intentions, it was difficult to identify the intention of drivers on the spot. Instead, errors were identified in two ways using the repeated naturalistic observation. One is whether the action of drivers was adequate or inadequate. The other is whether the action was deviant from the driver's behavioral habits. The compatibility of the stimulus and the response is essential for the definition of external activation slip. In order to evaluate whether the stimulus was effective, it is necessary to develop the methods to determine the state of schemas and the level of their activation. Naturalistic observation is a contributing method though has a limit to distinguish external activation slip from description errors.