Surveys of students with visual impairment in special and mainstream schools in Japan

2000年，日本对视力受损的特殊学校的学生进行了第七次五年一次的调查。通过问卷调查，收集了71所视障学校的3965名学生的数据。虽然在学校里有视觉障碍的学生的数量似乎有一个普遍的减少，但多重残疾的比例正在增加。在病因的一般特征方面，3,965名学生中有2,012名（50.74%）分布在产前影响，653名（16.47%）分布在不确定因素，584名（14.73%）分布在中毒，210名（5.30%）分布在一般疾病。其中视网膜1736人（43.78%），眼球826人（20.83%），视神经、视神经通路和皮层视觉中心637人（16.07%），晶状体307人（7.74%）。剩余视力低于0.02的学生占36.02%（3965人中有1468人）。使用纸质书的人数（2133人）是使用盲文的人数（964人）的两倍多，有448名学生（主要是有多重残疾的学生）两者都不使用。不到一半的学生（3965名学生中的1559名）使用了一些低视力辅助工具，如放大镜、望远镜和闭路电视。同时，第四次五年期调查对日本视障人士在康复中心的实际情况进行了调查。对12个中心的749名调查对象进行了问卷调查。在病因的一般特征方面，274例（36.6%）分布于产前影响，194例（25.6%）分布于不确定因素，177例（23.6%）分布于一般疾病，40例（5.3%）分布于外伤。其中视网膜病变432例（57.7%），视神经、视神经通路及皮层视觉中心病变127例（17.0%），眼球病变108例（14.4%），葡萄膜病变45例（6.0%）。其余视力小于0.02的298例（39.8%）。印刷版使用者（408人）是盲文使用者（196人）的两倍多，63名受访者（主要是患有糖尿病视网膜病变的人）使用录音机。大约三分之二的答复者（450人）使用过放大镜、望远镜或闭路电视等低视力辅助设备。少

The seventh quinquennial survey of students in special schools for the visually impaired in Japan took place in 2000. Through a questionnaire, data were collected from 3,965 students in 71 schools for the visually impaired. Although there appears to be a genera] decrease in the number of students with visual impairments in the schools, the proportion with multiple disabilities is increasing. In the general characteristics in the etiology, 50.74% of the students (2,012 of 3,965) were distributed in prenatal influences, 653(16.47%) in undetermined, 584(14,73%) in poisonings, and 210(5.30%) in general diseases. The numbers of students classified with the sites and types of affection were 1,736(43.78% of the 3,965) in retina, 826(20.83%) in eyeball, 637(16.07%) in optic nerve, optic pathway, and cortical visual centers, and 307(7.74%) in lens. The rate of students classified in the levels of remaining vision ranging less than 0.02 was 36.02% (1,468 of the 3,965) . There were more than twic … More e as many print users (2,133) than braille users (964), and 448 students (largely those with multiple disabilities) who used neither. Less than half of students (1,559 of the 3,965) appeared to make use of some kind of low-vision aids as magnifiers, telescopes, and closed-circuit televisions.At the same time, the fourth quinquennial survey investigated the actual conditions of the visually impaired people in rehabilitation centers for them in Japan. Data were collected from 749 respondents of the 12 centers by filling out a questionnaire. On the general characteristics in the etiology, 274 of all the respondents(36.6%) were distributed in prenatal influences, 194(25.6%) in undetermined, 177(23.6%) in general diseases, and 40(5.3%) in trauma. On the sites and types of affection, 432(57.7%) were classified as in retina, 127(17.0%) in optic nerve, optic pathway, and cortical visual centers, 108(14.4%) in eyeball, and 45(6.0%) in uvea. 298 respondents(39.8%) were classified as having the remaining vision ranging less than 0.02. There were more than twice as many print users(408) as Braille users(196), and 63 respondents(largely those with diabetic retinopathy) used tape-recorders. About two thirds of the respondents (450) had made use of such low-vision aids as magnifiers, telescopes, or closed-circuit televisions. Less