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Acquisition and developmental process of reading behavior in children with low-vision.

弱视儿童阅读行为的习得与发展过程

基本信息

批准号：
16530615
负责人：
KAKIZAWA Toshibumi
金额：
$ 2.18万
依托单位：
University of Tsukuba
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In order to explore optimal viewing distance for individuals with low vision depending on text size during reading performance, two adults with normal vision and twenty adults with low vision were participated in this study. Japanese version of MNREAD reading acuity charts was used to measure their reading performance. The participants were encouraged to adopt whatever distance was most comfortable for them to read and varied their viewing distances voluntarily depending on the text size. The participants read aloud from the largest text size until it became too small to read. A video tape recording was made to allow for measurement of viewing distances for each trial. While two participants with normal vision and eleven participants with low vision maintained their preferred angular size of print as controlling the reading distance with the text size change, the chosen viewing distances of remaining nine participants with low vision were relatively constant at about 20 cm or less regardless of text size variations. The results suggest that the low vision readers would be divided into two groups ; constant visual angle group and constant and close viewing distance group.Video recording was carried out on visual behavior of two low vision infants. The observer visited the candidate children's home from early months after the birth to 5 years-old, and did VTR recording of the free playground situations. Results indicate that low vision infants could hold distance of sight voluntarily according to the purpose of the behavior or characteristics of visual objects from an early stage.Low vision situation, particularly very near sight, was simulated by hand-made equipment. We could understand the condition of low vision, how in short distance of sight would be visible / what kind of thing could be recognized / how darkened at hand by using the equipment.

为了探索低视力个体在阅读过程中对文字大小的影响，本研究以2名视力正常的成年人和20名低视力的成年人为研究对象。使用日语版MNREAD阅读敏度表来衡量他们的阅读表现。研究人员鼓励参与者选择对他们来说最舒适的阅读距离，并根据文字大小自愿改变观看距离。参与者从最大的文本开始大声朗读，直到变小到无法阅读。录像记录了每次试验的观看距离。两名视力正常的参与者和11名低视力的参与者保持他们的首选角度大小作为控制阅读距离的文本大小的变化，其余9名低视力的参与者选择的观看距离相对稳定在20厘米左右或更小，而与文本大小的变化无关。结果表明：低视力读者可分为两组；恒定视角组和恒定近距离组。对两名低视力婴儿的视觉行为进行录像。观察员走访了候选儿童的家，从出生后的最初几个月到5岁，并对自由游乐场的情况进行了VTR记录。结果表明，低视力婴儿从早期开始就能根据视觉物体的行为目的或特征自主地保持视距。用手工制作的设备模拟低视力情况，特别是非常近的视力。我们可以了解低视力的情况，如何在短距离内看到/什么样的东西可以被识别/有多暗在手边使用设备。