The professionalization process of 'animateurs' and the role of associations in France.

本研究厘清了“动画师”的专业与制度特性，与日本的社会与社区教育人员相当。同时，本研究也说明了社团（日本的NPO）对动画师的性格和制度产生了怎样的影响。1）1960年以后，普及教育社团的志愿者转向了“动画师”这一职业。在当时，系统的训练、资格制度、社会地位等都是具体职业化过程中的重要争论点。2）这一职业化过程也是“动画”总体理念中的角色和“动画师”国民资格的嬗变过程。今天，他们不仅承担着满足教育和文化需求的角色，而且还承担着满足社会需求的角色。他们的劳动已经成为一种职业，被称为“社会劳动”。然而，这些都成为了 ...更多信息 动物劳动内容界定的困难和模糊。（3）“动物”的资格、培训制度具有两个方面的特点。换句话说，第一，这种“动物”资格的扩张，以回应各种社会需求，并不一定成功地确保劳动力的质量。事实上，它带来了劳动的分割和碎片化。其次，这些资格和制度扩大了扎根于社区的活动基础，作为“动画师”培训机构的协会一直在努力创造就业机会。4）大多数传统的“动画师”都是协会的工作人员。然而，自1990年以来，作为公务员的“动物”正在增加。这具有非常重要的意义。因为，随着“动漫”部门在地方政府中的设立，“动漫人”的专业能力被认定为一个重要的争论问题。人们更加期待协会发挥创造和发展专业能力的作用。少

This research clarified the professional and institutional characteristics of 'animateurs', which is comparable to the social & community education staff members in Japan. Then, at the same time, this research explained that the associations (NPOs in Japan) had what kind of impact on the character and system of animateurs.1)The volunteer of popular education associations shifted to 'animateurs' as an occupation after 1960 years. On that occasion, systematic training, qualification system, social status etc. were important points of arguments in the concrete professionalization process.2)This professionalization process was also the transfiguration process of the character in the general idea of 'animation' and the national qualification of 'animateurs'. Today, they shouldered the role of meeting not only educational & cultural needs but also social needs. And the working of them has become the occupation which was specified as 'travailleur social.' However, these became the factors of … More the difficulty and ambiguity in the definition of contents of labor of 'animateurs.'3)The qualification, training system of 'animateurs' has two aspects in that characteristic. In other words, firstly, the expansion of the kind of 'animateurs' qualification responding to various social needs doesn't necessarily succeed in securing of the labor quality. Indeed, it brings the segmentation and fragmentation of the labor. Secondly, those qualification and system have been expanding the base of the activities rooting in communities, and associations, which were training organizations of 'animateurs', have been making efforts to the creation of jobs.4)Most of conventional 'animateurs' were workers of associations. However, 'animateurs' which are civil service workers are increasing since 1990 years. This has very important meaning. Because, as 'animation' section in the local government is established, the professional competence of 'animateurs' is to be recognized as an important issue of arguments. It is all the more expected that associations should play the role of creating the professional competence and developing them more. Less