Experimental Studies on the Word Tone in the Chinese Dialects

众所周知，汉语是以单音节为基础的声调语言，但在官话和吴语中，重音和声调的相互作用产生了词的声调，而词的声调是由多音节音系词的第一个音节的声调或最后一个音节的声调来同步预测的。对数十个官话和吴语进行了声学测量；对标准北京官话进行了发音EMA实验。并结合生理性肌电实验数据进行了分析和检验，结果表明，Hayata提出的“语调”理论对于分析汉语方言中可观察到的声调和重音现象是有效的。从历史的角度对重音的发展、重音现象的出现、语调范畴的分化、重音的消失以及语素同一性的丧失等理论问题进行了探讨。

It is well known that Chinese is a monosyllable based tone language, but in Guanhua and Wu dialects the interaction of stress accent and tone has given birth to the word tone, which is synchronically predictable either by the tone of the first syllable or that of the last syllable within a polysyllabic phonological word.In the present research, phonetic characteristics of the word tone are investigated mainly by experimental techniques. Acoustic measurements were made on tens of Guanhua and Wu dialects ; articulatory EMA experiments were conducted on the Standard Bejing Mandarin. These data were analyzed and examined with reference to the data obtained by the physiological EMG experiment.It is argued that the "word tone" theory proposed by T.Hayata is effective in analyzing the tonal and accentual phenomena observable in Chinese dialects. Some theoretical issues were discussed in historical perspectives ; development of stress accent, emergence of the accentual phenomena, differentiation of the word tone category disappearance of stress accent and loss of the morphemic identity.