Study of European Colonialism in the l9th century - through stories of a white European who will not return home

本研究试图通过对一个将要返回家园的欧洲白色与一个即将离开家园的欧洲白人之间的区别，来探讨19世纪后期的欧洲殖民主义文学（如丹尼尔笛福所著《罗宾逊漂流记》中的主人公罗宾逊）和一个不会回来的白色欧洲人（如乔纳森·斯威夫特所著的《格列佛游记》中的主人公格列佛）。罗宾逊·克鲁索将在长时间不换衣服后回到家中，而格列佛在一次慧因之国的航行后，带着很大的变化回到了家。为什么他变了这么多？因为他遇到了难以想象的生物，叫做“慧因”和“耶胡”。“慧因”和“耶胡”被描述为典型的“他者”;罗宾逊在没有他者的世界中旅行，而格列佛则在他者的世界中旅行;康拉德在他者的世界中旅行和没有他者的世界中旅行的区别在他者的世界中旅行。这部中篇小说有两个欧洲英雄，库尔茨和马洛。库尔茨，他的欧洲未婚妻等待非常认真，不会回家，而马洛将返回家园。这种差异就像格列佛和罗宾逊克鲁索之间的差异一样。事实上，库尔茨在非洲大陆的中心地带遇到了难以想象的人，马洛在他遇到其他人之前就离开了非洲，世纪后期法国最著名的异国情调旅行作家皮埃尔·洛蒂在他的小说《一个罗马人》（1881）中描述了与库尔茨同一个欧洲英雄。这位名叫让的法国英雄不会离开非洲，尽管他的法国未婚妻期待着他的归来。为什么不回来？因为吉恩也在非洲的心脏地带遇到了难以想象的人。本研究主要通过阅读《黑暗的心》和《一个人的罗马》的解读，试图解释什么是19世纪后期欧洲殖民主义文学中的“他者”。

This study attempts to explore European colonialism-literature in the late 19th century, through making clear the difference between a white European who will return home (e.g. Robinson Crusoe, hero of Robinson Crusoe written by Daniel Defoe) and a white European who will not return (e.g. Gulliver, hero of Gulliver's Travels written by Jonathan Swift).Robinson Crusoe will return home after a very long absence without changing, while Gulliver returns home with having much changed after a voyage to the country of the Houyhnhnms. Why has he changed so much? Because he met unimaginable creatures called "Houyhnhnms" and "Yahoos". "Houyhnhnms" and "Yahoos" are described as typical 'otherness' ; Robinson Crusoe has traveled in the world-without-otherness, whereas Gulliver has traveled in the world of others.Joseph Conrad describes very clearly the difference between travels in the world-without-otherness and travels in the world of others in his most famous novella Heart of Darkness (1899). This novella has two European heroes, Kurtz and Marlow. Kurtz, whom his European fiancee waits for very earnestly, will not return home, while Marlow will return home. The difference is the same difference between Gulliver and Robinson Crusoe. In fact Kurtz encountered unimaginable others in the heart of African continent Marlow left Africa just before he encountered others.Pierre Loti, who is the most famous exoticism-travel-writer in the late 19th century France, describes the same European hero as Kurtz in his story Le Roman d'un spahi (1881). The French hero called Jean will not leave Africa, though his French fiancee waits for his return expectantly. Why not return? Because Jean too met unimaginable others in the heart of Africa. The others gave him so much shock that he was psychologically destroyed.Through reading Heart of Darkness and Le Roman d'un spahi chiefly, this study tries to explain what "otherness" is in European colonialism-literature in the late 19th century.