Recycling of Organic Waste and its Management System emphasizing on the Logistics

本研究的目的是调查植物的回收利用情况和食物垃圾作为饲料的使用情况，然后考察这些回收利用方式的联合收割机。在这项研究中，两个沼气厂（町村奶牛场和八木镇）和几个养猪场在东海地区进行了检查。沼气厂在能源自给自足方面利润很高，但由于电力销售价格低，他们出售能源的收入并不高。利用餐厨垃圾作为饲料对降低饲料成本是非常有利的。通过调查表明，这些回收方式对减轻环境负担有积极的影响，具有经济效益。但也指出了以下问题：（1）收集废物和分配产品的物流过程复杂且没有效率，（2）关于有机废物的信息很少，（3）一些废物交易是地下的，（4）使用有机废物的种类在农场规模等级之间不同，（5）对于某些种类的有机废物存在激烈的竞争，（6）沼气厂提供的能源没有得到充分利用，餐厨垃圾加工饲料需要大量能源。在此基础上，提出了沼气与餐厨垃圾饲料两种资源化的联合收割机，并指出了梯级工艺在资源化中的意义。该研究表明，规模经济和范围经济的生物质复合回收的两个试点工厂在德国和大坂的检查。最后，指出了废物管理对回收利用的重要性，并提出了区域管理系统的模型，使物流和能源的利用效率。

The purpose of this research is to investigate recycling situation of the biogasplants and the use of food waste as feed and then to examine the combine of these ways of recycling. In this study two biogas plants (Machimura dairy farm and Yagi-town) and several pig farms in Tokai region were examined. The Biogas plants are very profitable in their energy self-sufficiency, but they do not earn a lot to sell the energy because of the low selling price of electricity. The use of food waste as feed is very profitable to reduce the feed cost. Through the survey it is shown that these ways of recycling have a positive impact to reduce environmental burden and they are capable to be profitable in economy. But the following problems were pointed out ; (1)the logistic process of collecting waste and distributing the products are complicated and not efficient, (2)the information about organic waste are few, (3)some trades of waste are underground, (4)the kind of the using organic waste differs between farm size classes, (5)there are hard competition for some kinds of organic waste, (6)the energy supplied from biogas plants is not fully used and the processing feed from food waste needs a lot of energy. From these analyses, the combine of these two kinds of recycling, biogas and feed from food waste, is suggested and the meaning of cascade process in recycling is indicated. The study shows economies of scale and economies of scope at the biomass-complex recycling from the examination of two pilot plants in Germany and in Osaka. Finally the study points out the importance of the waste management for recycling and shows the model of regional management system to make the logistics and the energy use efficient.