The Study on Reform of Chinese Rural Institution in 21_<st> Century : by Analyzing Micro Data of Rural China

双层经营体制在农村推广中国。这一制度是介于人民公社和私人家庭农场制度之间的兼收并蓄的乡村组织。这个体系是不是最适合21世纪的中国农业？我们首先基于新制度经济学理论对这一制度的合理性进行了检验。我们对该制度的理论分析结论如下。首先，该系统是一个既利用个人信息又利用公共信息的系统。第二，这一制度是以集体承担风险和维护机器为主的制度，在双层管理制度下，我们对个人和村庄的管理能力进行了面板数据分析。我们计算了利润函数，其中的常数可以被证明为个体效应。如果个体效应得到验证，则该常量可被判断为卓越的管理能力。我们估计了中国的粮食生产的利润函数，并对…进行了判断采用面板数据分析方法，进一步揭示个体效应。所使用的面板数据是基于中国农业部门进行的大量定点观测数据。结果如下。首先，证明了中国所在的村庄和大多数农民都具有卓越的经营能力。农民和乡村的特质经营能力在中国的农业发展中发挥着重要作用。乡村能力是由乡镇非农企业的营利性向乡村为个体农民提供农业服务的转移构成的。然而，在许多情况下，这些服务是在农民中统一提供的。这种统一的做法有利于使农民经营能力的展示荡然无存。面板数据分析证明，在富裕村，农民的独特经营能力不能得到认可。但在剔除每年对农民产生相同影响的村庄时间效应后，大多数农民的初级经营能力得到了认可。农民在中国身上有自己特有的能力。21世纪应实行农民能上能下的制度，而不是简单的双层管理体制。较少

Double-tier management system is promoted in rural China. This system is rural organization which has eclectic characteristics between people's commune and private family farm system. Is this system the most suitable for 21st century's Chinese agriculture? We firstly checked the rationality of this system based on the new institutional economics theory. The conclusion of our theoretical analysis of the system is as follows. First, this system is the system which utilize both of personal and common information. Second, this system is the system in which the collective chiefly absorbs risk and maintain the machines.We applied panel data analysis to management abilities of both individual and village under double-tier management system. We calculated profit function in which the constants can be testified as individual effect. If individual effect is verified, the constant can be judged as distinguished management ability. We estimate profit function of China's food production and judge t … More he individual effect by panel data analysis method. The utilized panel data is based on large fixed point observation data conducted by Chinese agricultural department. The results are following. First, it is proved that China's villages and most of farmers have the distinguished management abilities. The idiosyncratic management abilities of farmers and villages play important roles in China's agricultural development. Abilities of villages are made up by the transfer from profit of non-agricultural town and village enterprises to village's agricultural services for individual farmers. In many cases, however, these services are offered uniformly among farmers. This uniform offer predispose to make exhibition of farmers' management ability wipe away. It is proved in panel data analysis that the distinguished management abilities of farmers can not be recognized in rich villages. But after removal of the villages' time effects which exert same influence on farmers on each year, the primary management abilities can be recognized in most farmers. Farmers have their own idiosyncratic abilities in China. The institution which makes farmers display their abilities should be adopted in 21^<st> centaury, instead of simple double-tier management system. Less