Sustainable genetic civersity in populations of the sika deer

为了研究控制自然群体遗传多样性水平的机制，我们对日本的西卡进行了群体遗传分析。首先，我们进行了基于人口的分析。分析了奈良三重县吉野熊野当地人口的人口结构。线粒体和微卫星DNA分析表明，该群体保持了较高的遗传多样性水平。Sizuoka种群也保持了较高的遗传多样性。M比率分析表明，两个群体都没有经历过连锁反应，群体内的基因流动不受片段化的限制。相反，我们研究的空间结构的两个当地人口，Shoudosima和长崎人口的遗传多样性水平降低。长崎人群中约有1/3的微卫星位点是固定的。有人认为，Shoudosima种群由两个亚群组成，即北方和南方。 ...更多信息 为了验证这些亚群是否真的存在，我们利用微卫星数据进行了聚类分析。通过在个体之间采用Cavalli-Sforza Edwards距离来进行聚类。我们的研究结果清楚地表明，Shoudosima群体被细分为两个区域亚群体，它们之间的基因流动受到限制。其次，我们在金刚山岛人群中进行了基于个体的研究。我们的前期研究表明，金刚山居群保持了较高的遗传多样性水平，不能简单地用遗传漂变和突变平衡来解释。我们确定了1989年至1997年期间在岛上出生的小牛的亲子关系，并发现并非所有的雕刻都是由研究地点的领土男性所生。很明显，在研究人群中发生了群外交配。这可以解释为什么我们观察到高水平的遗传多样性在金刚山人口。这种划分有助于维持小种群的遗传多样性。少

To study the mechanism that controls the level of genetic diversity in natural population, we carried out population-genetic analyses of the sika deer in Japan. First, we conducted population-based analyses. Population structure was analyzed for Yoshino-Kumano local population in Nara-Mie prefectures. Both mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA analyses showed that this population keeps relatively high level of genetic diversity. Sizuoka population was also found to retain high level of genetic diversity. M ratio analysis revealed that both populations have not experienced bottlenecking and gene flow within a population is not restricted by fragmentation. In contrast, we study the spatial structuring of two local population, Shoudosima and Nagasaki populations that have reduced level of genetic diversity. About one-third of microsatellite loci was fixed in Nagasaki population. It has been suggested that Shoudosima population consists of two subpopulations, namely, northern and southern. … More To test whether the subpopulations really exist, we conducted cluster analysis by using microsatellite data. Clustering was made possible by taking Cavalli-Sforza Edwards distance between individual. Our results clearly indicate that Shoudosima population is subdivided in two regional subpopulation and gene flow between them was restricted. Second, we carried out individual-based study in Kinkazan island population. It has been shown by our previous study that Kinkazan population retain high level of genetic diversity, whish can not be explained simply by genetic drift and mutation equilibrium. We determined paternity of the calves born on the island between 1989-1997, and found that not all of the carves were sired by territorial males in the study site. It is obvious that extra-group mating took place in the study population. This would explain why we observed high level of genetic diversity in Kinkazan population. Such partitioning would contribute to the maintenance of genetic diversity in a small population. Less