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Molecular ecology of population crash in the sika deer.

梅花鹿种群崩溃的分子生态学。

基本信息

批准号：
15570021
负责人：
TAMATE Hidetoshi
金额：
$ 2.37万
依托单位：
Yamagata University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The objectives of the research are to examine genetic consequences of the population crash of the sika deer (Cervus nippon) on Kinkazan Island, northern Japan. We captured 130 sika deer on the island five times during two-year research period, and collected blood samples. Genetic analyses using nine microsatellite DNA markers revealed local genetic differentiation within a population ; allele frequencies differ between eastern and northwestern local groups. The result indicates that the population on Kinkazan Island is subdivided into local groups even they are not separated geographically. Individual distance is correlated to genetic relatedness measured by microsatellite markers, suggesting that not only hinds but stags are likely to be philopatric to some extent. To study the influence of population crash on the genetic diversity, we analyzed the correlation between individual heterozygosity and fitness measures such as number of offspring before and after the crash. The result showed no significant correlation between the measures, which suggest that the neutral markers such as microsatellite are not diagnostic to detect the selection that could have occurred during the crash. In the next step, therefore, we attempted to isolate novel genetic markers that are selected positively during the population crash. Blood samples collected during the field survey were preserved in RNAlater and taken to lab without freezing. RT-PCR was carried out to amplify the partial sequence of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene. We successfully isolated clones of MHC-DRB exon2 sequences from several individuals. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the sika deer has two paralogous MHC-DRB sequences. It is also shown that the two sequences had been diverged prior to the speciation of the sika deer and red deer. The clone we isolated for MHC-DRB will be utilized in the study of the natural selection during the population crash of the sika deer population.

这项研究的目的是调查日本北方金山岛西卡鹿（Cervus nippon）种群崩溃的遗传后果。在为期两年的研究期间，我们在岛上捕获了5次130只西卡鹿，并采集了血样。使用9个微卫星DNA标记的遗传分析揭示了人口内的地方遗传分化，等位基因频率不同东部和西北部的地方群体。结果表明，金卡山岛的人口即使在地理上没有分开，也被细分为当地群体。个体间的距离与微卫星标记测量的遗传相关性相关，这表明不仅鹿，但雄鹿可能在一定程度上是philopatric。为了研究群体碰撞对遗传多样性的影响，我们分析了碰撞前后个体杂合度与适应度指标（如后代数量）的相关性。结果显示，这些指标之间没有显着的相关性，这表明微卫星等中性标志物对于检测坠机期间可能发生的选择没有诊断意义。因此，在下一步中，我们试图分离在人口崩溃期间积极选择的新遗传标记。在实地调查期间收集的血液样本保存在RNAlater中，并在不冷冻的情况下带到实验室。采用RT-PCR方法扩增主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）基因的部分序列。我们成功地从几个个体中分离了MHC-DRB外显子2序列的克隆。系统发育分析表明，西卡鹿有两个旁系同源的MHC-DRB序列。这两个序列在西卡鹿和红鹿的物种形成之前就已经发生了分化。本研究所获得的MHC-DRB克隆将用于西卡种群崩溃过程中自然选择的研究。