Study on safety and health of wheelchair user at VDT work.

摘要本研究旨在探讨残障人员在使用视像显示终端（VDT）时的工效学改善及工作环境与方法的评估，并提出安全与健康管理方面的问题。在第一年，我们对36名在县康复中心培训工作人员的残疾人进行了问卷调查，以了解他们的工作和健康问题。三分之二的人有过VDT工作的经验。脑瘫患者（n=11）主诉体力或肌肉无力。脊髓代码损伤患者（n=15）对卧位和排尿困难的主诉率较高。脑瘫患者常出现腰背或背部症状，脊髓损伤患者常出现颈肱部症状。在第二年，我们对一些操作VDT的残疾工人进行了干预研究，以预防肌肉骨骼疾病和卧位，并根据人体工程学提高桌椅的高度。通过观察每个员工的工作环境和工作姿势，明确问题后，我们尝试调整桌椅的高度。采用工人主观性、肌电测量、坐压分布等方法进行评价。指出椅子托住躯干、适当分散坐压、考虑腿部残余功能使用脚凳、办公桌高度等对残疾人进行VDT工作很重要。我们的结论是应该开发残疾人工作椅。

The purposes of this study are the ergonomic improvement and the evaluation on the work environment and methods when disabled workers on their wheelchairs operate the Visual Display Terminal (VDT), and pointing up the problems on the management for safety and health.In its first year, we conducted the questionnaire study for 36 disabled people who had trained work force in the prefectural rehabilitation center in order to grasp their works and health issues. Two-thirds of all had experience of the VDT work. Cerebral paralysis patients (n=11) complained weakness of their physical strength or muscles. Spinal-code-injury victims' (n=15) had high complaints rates of the decubitus and urination troubles. Low-back or back symptoms in cerebral paralysis patients and cerbicobrachial symptoms in spinal-code-injury victims were often complained.In its second year, we conducted the intervention study for some disabled workers operating the VDT to prevent musculoskeletal disorders and decubitus, and to improve the height of the desk and chair ergonomically. We tried adjusting the height of the desk and chair to each worker after problems were clarified by observing their work environment and working postures. They were evaluated by means of workers' subjectivity, the measurement of electromyography and the distribution of sitting pressure. It was pointed out that holding of the trunk by chair, proper dispersion of the sitting pressure, using footstool considered of their legs' residual function, and the height of desk were important for disabled people to conduct VDT works. We concluded that the working chair for disabled people should be developed.