Mucin glycoproteins in human gallbladder carcinoma and their biological effects on tumor invasion and metastasis capability.

胆囊癌的整体预后较差，因为手术时晚期病例的比例很高，因此治愈率较低。pT2癌局限于胆囊壁，因此具有较高的治愈率和较好的预后。然而，预后并不一定好，因为在一些pT2癌病例中发现远处复发。粘蛋白糖基化的改变，如粘蛋白核心蛋白o -糖基化位点的改变或碳水化合物结构唾液化的增强，在恶性转化过程中是已知的。唾液化MUC1被单克隆抗体MY.1E12识别（Jpn J Cancer, 1996;87:488-496）已被用作侵袭性腺癌的标志物。在pT2胆囊癌中，涎化的my . 1e12 - reactimuc1在侵袭部位的基质定位高水平表达与疾病的侵袭性相关，如形成远处转移的倾向。因此，产生癌的粘蛋白糖蛋白碳水化合物链的改变增强了肿瘤侵袭和/或转移的能力。

The overall prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma is poor because of a high percentage of advanced cases at the time of operation and thereby a lower curability. pT2 carcinoma is limited in the gallbladder wall, and therefore a high curability as well as a better prognosis can be expected. However, the prognosis has not been necessarily good since distant recurrences are found in some cases of pT2 carcinomas. Alterations in glycosilation of mucins, such as an alteration in the site of O-glycosylation of mucin core proteins or an enhanced sialylation of carbohydrate structures, are known in the process of malignant transformation.Sialylated MUC1 recognized by a mAb MY.1E12 (Jpn J Cancer Res 1996;87:488-496) has been used as a marker for invasive adenocarcinomas. In pT2 gallbladder carcinoma, the high level expression of stromal localization of sialylated MY.1E12-reactive-MUC1 at the invading sites correlates with the aggressiveness of the disease, such as the tendency to form distant metastasis.Thus, alterations in carbohydrate chains of carcinoma-producing mucin glycoproteins potentiate the capability of tumor invasion and/or metastasis.