School toilet sanitation and health promotion of elementary school children's excretion

这项研究是在2001-2002年间在日本6-12岁的小学生及其父母中进行的。研究1小学生如厕习惯调查报告1小学生(n=2454)为研究对象。每个孩子都完成了一份匿名问卷，详细说明了每天上厕所的次数、上学的次数以及对学校厕所的反应。与之前研究结果的比较显示，在过去的10年里，小学生意识到便秘的百分比有所增加。由于害怕被取笑或欺负，抑制大便的男孩数量也明显增加。研究2：小学生如厕习惯调查，报告2本研究的对象是第一批…儿童的父母或监护人(n=2454以匿名问卷形式报告儿童的日常生活习惯、如厕习惯、膀胱或肠道疾病史、离校后或回家后如厕情况以及在学校大小便失禁情况。研究三：小学厕所环境调查日本旭川县30所小学进行了学校厕所状况现场调查。结果揭示了卫生以及设施监督和维护方面的问题，或者两者兼而有之。问题和解决方案被分成5个级别进行分析。研究4：儿童大小便失禁的研究从4月到6月，对旭川市28所小学的学校护士进行了为期3个月的访谈。结果显示，70%的一年级学生出现了一些大小便失禁，其中一半发生在5月份。50%的事件发生在上课期间。研究五：初中生对学校厕所清理情况的调查我们对初中生对学校厕所专项清洁的态度进行了调查。较少

Research was carried out among Japanese elementary school children, aged 6-12, and their parents during the period 2001-2002. The results were summarized as follows:Study 1: Survey of the toilet habits of elementary school children, Report 1School children (n=2454) were involved in the study. Each child completed an anonymous questionnaire detailing number of visits to the toilet per day, number of visits at school and reactions to school lavatories. A comparison with the results of previous studies shows and increase over the last 10 years in the percentage of elementary school children conscious of experiencing constipation. There was also a marked increase in the number of boys who suppressed bowel movements due to fear of being teased or bullied. The tendency to constipation in girls is even greater.Study 2: Survey of the toilet habits of elementary school children, Report 2The subjects for this study were the parents or guardians (n=2454) of the children included in the first stud … More y. The children's daily habits, toilet habits, history of bladder or bowel disorders, toilet usage after leaving school or returning home, and incontinence at school were reported by anonymous questionnaire.Study 3: Survey of school lavatory environment in elementary schoolsOn-site surveys of school lavatory conditions were conducted in 30 elementary schools in Asahikawa, Japan. The results revealed problems with sanitation as well as with facility supervision and maintenance or both. Problems and solutions were graded into 5 levels for analysis.Study 4: Study of instances or children experiencing incontinenceInterviews with school nurses were conducted at 28 elementary schools in Asahikawa over a 3-month period from April to June. Results showed that 70% of 1st grade students suffered some incontinence, of which half occurred in May. Fifty percent of incidents occurred during lessons.Study 5: Survey of junior high school students and their cleaning of school toiletsWe conducted a study on the attitudes of junior high school students to the special cleaning of school toilets. Less