An origin and role of myogenic cell except a satellite cell appearing at hyperttophied skeletal muscle tissue.

众所周知，骨骼肌会因运动而增大，但骨骼肌肥大的机制目前还不清楚。骨骼肌肥大主要是由形成肌肉组织的肌肉细胞数量的增大和增加引起的。众所周知，肌肉细胞的增加是由生长因子引导的。新的肌纤维是由肌原细胞增殖形成的，确定了肌原细胞为卫星细胞。然而，尽管卫星细胞的数量随着年龄的增长而减少，但除了卫星细胞外，肌原性细胞的存在表明，在老年人的抗阻训练中发现了扩大效应。因此，对除卫星细胞外的肌源性细胞的起源和作用的可能性进行了探讨。第1章对目前尚未观察到的肌纤维肥大的机制进行了研究。实验结果显示，大鼠肌纤维肥大，肌纤维长度增加，肌纤维细胞核增多。对照组与运动组的每核细胞质容量基本成正比。骨骼肌纤维在发育阶段形成后，肌纤维就不再分裂。因此，至于细胞核随肌纤维肥大而增加的原因，卫星细胞或其他肌原细胞与旧肌纤维融合的结果。第二章探讨了肌肉组织的新形成和肌原细胞的来源。肌肉纤维的塌陷随着剧烈的运动而进展，通过活体染色法使新的肌肉组织开始形成。肌原素是一种肌肉细胞特有的转录因子，我们通过观察肌原素的阳性细胞来研究肌原细胞的起源。观察结果表明，在血管及其周侧观察到阳性的肌原素细胞，并提示可能通过血液携带到肌肉组织。此外，白蛋白阳性细胞与肝细胞一起特异出现和分泌，与肌肉组织相同。这些实验提示肝干细胞与肌源性细胞具有功能。第三章采用游泳运动作为运动模型。这个模型比肌腱切开术模型更现实。研究了肝脏细胞和肝脏干细胞的剥离对肝脏重量的影响。结果表明，肝脏重量明显下降，而反重力肌肉的底肌则随着游泳运动而重量增加。由此可见，肝脏在运动肌肉肥大和再生过程中为肌肉组织提供了成肌细胞，并对适应运动的肌肉组织结构提供了重要作用。少

It is well known that a skeletal muscle is enlarged by exercise, but is not clear about the hypertrophy mechanism of skeletal muscle now. Skeletal muscle hypertrophy happens by enlargement and an increase of a muscular cell number forming muscular tissue basically. It is known that an increase of a muscular cell is guided by growth factor. The new muscular fiber was formed by proliferation of myogenic cell and it made dear that the myogenic cell were satellite cells. However, although number of a satellite cell decreased with aging either and existence of a myogenic cell except a satellite cell was suggested by an enlargement effect being recognized by a resistance training of an older man. So the possibility about an origin and role of a myogenic cell except a satellite cell was examined .Mechanism of the muscular fiber hypertrophy which was hardly observed till now, studied in Chapter 1. As a result of this experiment, hypertrophy of the muscular fiber, increase of muscular fiber len … More gth, increase of a nucleus in muscular fiber were observed dearly. Furthermore, the capacity of cytoplasm per a nucleus of control group and exercise group was almost a constant ratio. After the skeletal muscle fiber was formed in development stage the muscle fiber has never divided. Accordingly, as for the cause that a nucleus increased with hypertrophied muscular fiber, a satellite cell or the result that other myogenic fused to old muscular fiber. The new formation and myogenic cell origin of muscular tissue were examined in Chapter 2. Collapse of muscular fiber make progress with exercise dearly, and it made ft dear by vital staining method that the new formation of muscular tissue began. A myogenic cell origin by observing a positive cell of myogenin which was a transcription factor peculiar to a muscular cell was examined As a result of observation, positive myogenin cells were observed in blood vessel arid its circumference side and suggested possibility carried to muscular tissue through blood. In addition, the albumin positive cells which specifically appeared and secreted with a liver cell, were observed with muscular tissue identically. It was suggested that a liver stem cell functioned with a myogenic cell by these experiments. Swimming exercise as an exercise model was used in Chapter 3.This model is more realistic than a tenotomy model. The influence that exfoliation of a liver cell and a liver stem cell from a fiver gave to liver weight was examined As a result these experiments, weight of a liver deteriorated obviously, and, as for the sole muscle that was antigravity muscles, the weight increased with swimming exercise. From a result as the above, a liver supplies a myogenic cells to muscular tissue in muscle hypertrophy and regeneration with exercise, and it supplies has an important role on the muscular tissue architecture that adapted itself to exercise. Less