Establishment of environmental assessment methods by means of soil algae in the vicinity of Antarctic stations

为了评价人类活动对南极站附近土壤环境的影响，参考Syowa站附近土壤性质，研究了土壤藻类和微生物群落。土壤样本采集地点为海鸟巢附近、苔藓群落、无植被地点和Syowa站生活区。虽然Syowa站生活区TN（总氮）与裸地土壤相同，但总碳（TC）和碳氮比（C/N）较高（12.6 ~ 57.4）。日本南极考察队进口的含碳量高的材料可能使生活区土壤含碳量高。Syowa站生活区可培养好氧细菌数量占总细菌数量（CB/TB）的比例较高（平均3%，最高9%）。另一方面，其余站点的CB/TB值较低（小于1%）。在8个监测点共鉴定出45种土壤藻类，其中蓝藻8种，硅藻3种，叶藻11种，绿藻23种。普通小球藻出现在Syowa站生活区。c /N比、CB/TB比和2种土壤藻类（小球藻、crisasiola crispa）可作为人类活动对南极站附近土壤环境影响的指标。

In order to assess human impact on soil environment in the vicinity of Antarctic stations, communities of soil algae and microorganisms were studied with reference to soil properties in the vicinity of Syowa Station. Soil samples were collected from near seabird nests, moss communities, sites without vegetation and living area of Syowa Station.Although TN (total nitrogen) of living area of Syowa Station is the same as those collected from bare soils, relatively high TC (total carbon) and C/N ration (12.6-57.4) were measured in living area of Syowa Station. Materials containing high carbon content imported by Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition might make high carbon content in soils of living area. High ratio (mean 3%, max 9%) of culturable aerobic bacterial number to total bacteria number (CB/TB) was recorded at living area of Syowa Station. On the other hand, low CB/TB values (less than 1%) were recorded from remaining other sites. Forty-five species of soil algae were identified from eight monitoring sites: eight of Cyanophyceae, three of Bacillariophyceae, eleven of Xanthophyceae and 23 of Chlorophytes. Chlorella vulgaris occurred in living area of Syowa Station. An ornithocoprophilous alga, Prasiola crispa was found in living area of Syowa Station and near penguin rookery.C/N ratio, CB/TB ratio and two species of soil algae (Chlorella vulgaris, Prasiola crispa are considered to be indicator of human impact on soil environment in the vicinity of Antarctic stations.